ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
The interleukin-4/interleukin-13 pathway in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07616609 (A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Trial of Preoperative Stapokibart With Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Trial of Preoperative Stapokibart With Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation of Local Nasal Biomarkers and Olfactory Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Pooled it
- Endotype-Guided Imaging in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: HRCT/CBCT and MRI Metrics, Structured Reporting, and Radiomics-A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Neurobiological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction: a ten-year bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- New advances in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps from pathophysiology to biologic targeted therapy.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Pooled it
- Early and Sustained Improvements in Sense of Smell With Tezepelumab Treatment in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (WAYPOINT).International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Trial
- The club cell circadian clock regulates temporal patterns in leukocyte trafficking in chronic allergic airways disease.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Rethinking Monospecific Antibody Therapy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Dual- and Multispecific Antibodies.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Understanding Nasal Polyposis: The Roles of Ion Channels, Inflammation, Ionocytes, and Prostaglandin E2-The IJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Population-Scale Plasma Proteomics Reveals Systemic Inflammatory Signatures Associated With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy of an extended local treatment in nasal polyps with different endotypes: A prospective randomized controlled study.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Comparison of two classification systems for tissue eosinophilia in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease: From Host Defense to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interleukins: a bibliometric analysis [1999-2025].Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- The Use of Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Current State of Knowledge.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The OX40-OX40L Co-Stimulatory Pathway as a Shared Driver of Immune Persistence in Skin and Airway Inflammation.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Th2 and Th17/Th1 Inflammatory Profiles in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Associations with Vitamin D Status and Disease Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The association between chronic rhinosinusitis, bronchiectasis and type 2 inflammation: an EMBARC registry analysis.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Mometasone Furoate Alleviates PM2.5-Induced Pyroptosis of Nasal Mucosa Cells via Blocking JAK2/STAT3/AIM2 Inflammasome.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Research progress and applications of functional hydrogels in nasal wound healing.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and the Role of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is predominantly a type 2 inflammatory disease associated with type 2 (T2) cell responses and epithelial barrier, mucociliary, and olfactory dysfunction. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-5 are key mediators driving and perpetuating type 2 inflammation. The inflammatory responses driven by these cytokines include the recruitment and activation of eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, goblet cells, M2 macrophages, and B cells. The activation of these immune cells results in a range of pathologic effects including immunoglobulin E production, an increase in the number of smooth muscle cells within the nasal mucosa and a reduction in their contractility, increased deposition of fibrinogen, mucus hyperproduction, and local edema. The cytokine-driven structural changes include nasal polyp formation and nasal epithelial tissue remodeling, which perpetuate barrier dysfunction. Type 2 inflammation may also alter the availability or function of olfactory sensory neurons contributing to loss of sense of smell. Targeting these key cytokine pathways has emerged as an effective approach for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory airway diseases, and a number of biologic agents are now available or in development for CRSwNP. In this review, we provide an overview of the inflammatory pathways involved in CRSwNP and describe how targeting key drivers of type 2 inflammation is an effective therapeutic option for patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.