ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2024
Association between parental psychiatric disorders and risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder: a Swedish and Finnish population-based cohort study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between parental ADHD and adverse offspring outcomes: Evidence from a nationwide Swedish register-based study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Parental broad autism phenotype traits and executive function in families of children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic Association and Functional Prediction of PTEN and TSC1 3'UTR Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Tunisian Patients.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Cognitive Outcomes of Children Exposed to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Through Breast Milk.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Parental Mental Disorders and Offspring Mortality up to Middle Age.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Parents of Preschoolers First Diagnosed with Autism: Gender Differences and Correlations with Broad Autism Phenotypes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Familial confounding in the associations between maternal health and autism.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- The association between parental postpartum depression and offspring autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prenatal environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and their potential mechanisms.BMC medicine · 2024Review
- Parental psychiatric diagnoses as predictive factors for autism spectrum disorder in the child: confluence of genetics and environment.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Roughly more than one in six adults worldwide suffer from psychiatric conditions. Sporadic studies have associated parental psychiatric disorders with autism spectrum disorder in offspring. Comprehensively examining the association between parental psychiatric disorders and offspring autism spectrum disorder is needed to guide health policies, and to inform etiologic studies. Methods: We included all children born in Sweden and Finland 1997-2016. Diagnoses were clinically ascertained from National Registers through 2017. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for autism spectrum disorder in offspring of fathers and mothers with psychiatric disorders, in both parents jointly and across co-occurring conditions. Findings: Among 2,505,842 children, 33,612 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, of which 20% had a parent with psychiatric disorders. The risk of autism spectrum disorder was increased across all psychiatric disorders in fathers (Sweden: aHR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.92-2.12; Finland: aHR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.50-1.77), mothers (Sweden: aHR = 2.34, 95% CI = 2.24-2.43; Finland aHR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.92-2.28), or both parents (Sweden: aHR = 3.76, 95% CI = 3.48-4.07; Finland aHR = 3.61, 95% CI = 3.20-4.07), compared to neither parents. Co-occurrence of parental psychiatric disorders further increased risk (e.g., Sweden: for one, two or ≥three different diagnostic categories compared to no diagnosis, in fathers aHR = 1.81, 2.07, 2.52; in mothers aHR = 2.05, 2.63, 3.57). Interpretation: Psychiatric disorders in both parents conveyed the highest risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder, followed by mothers and then fathers. The risk increased with number of co-occurring disorders. All parental psychiatric disorders were associated with increased the risk of autism spectrum disorder. To reliably assess the risk of autism spectrum disorder in children, a comprehensive history incorporating the full range of parental psychiatric disorders is needed beyond solely focusing on familial autism spectrum disorder. Funding: Swedish-Research-Council-2021-0214.
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