ArticleNature medicine2024
Correlates of protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated children.
Article in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.Nature microbiology · 2025Trial
- Vaccination-first immune priming shapes a sustained mRNA vaccine-induced IgG4 class switch that associates with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Serological Predictors of Protection from Infection Upon Household Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Preserved SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses despite impaired humoral immunity in children with profound B-cell lymphopenia.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Immune correlates of risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a prospective, community-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Vaccination and hybrid immunity is associated with SARS-CoV-2 protection but not shedding duration in rural Guatemalan households.Research square · 2026Article
- Three Doses and Six Months Later: Real-World SARS-CoV-2 Specific Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Children With Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Observational
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters in Children Across Pandemic and Endemic Periods.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Dengue and severe dengue.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- T-cell Response Induced by the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Variant-specific antibody correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron symptomatic and overall infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neutralizing and binding antibodies are a correlate of risk of COVID-19 in the CoVPN 3008 study in people with HIV.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cancer type and gene signatures associated with breakthrough infections following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Phenotypic heterogeneity defines B cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 exposures through vaccination and infection.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike following infection in individuals from Cameroon.Virology · 2025Article
- Overview of mucosal immunity and respiratory infections in children: a focus on Africa.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Article
- Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with VLA2001 and an ORFV-based vector enhances spike- and nucleocapsid-specific immunity in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Adjuvant combination and antigen multimerization shape neutralizing antibody and T cell responses to a SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The paucity of information on longevity of vaccine-induced immune responses and uncertainty of the correlates of protection hinder the development of evidence-based COVID-19 vaccination policies for new birth cohorts. Here, to address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a cohort study of healthy 5-12-year-olds vaccinated with BNT162b2. We serially measured binding and neutralizing antibody titers (nAbs), spike-specific memory B cell (MBC) and spike-reactive T cell responses over 1 year. We found that children mounted antibody, MBC and T cell responses after two doses of BNT162b2, with higher antibody and T cell responses than adults 6 months after vaccination. A booster (third) dose only improved antibody titers without impacting MBC and T cell responses. Among children with hybrid immunity, nAbs and T cell responses were highest in those infected after two vaccine doses. Binding IgG titers, MBC and T cell responses were predictive, with T cells being the most important predictor of protection against symptomatic infection before hybrid immunity; nAbs only correlated with protection after hybrid immunity. The stable MBC and T cell responses over time suggest sustained protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, even when nAbs wane. Booster vaccinations do not confer additional immunological protection to healthy children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.