SynthesisThe Journal of nutrition2024
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Intake and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Young Children: A Meta-Regression to Inform WHO/FAO Vitamin D Intake Recommendations.
Synthesis in The Journal of nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of high-dose vs. low-dose vitamin D₃ supplementation in children with chronic tic disorders: a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Vitamin D in the UK: an urgent call to redefine the threshold for deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis work was commissioned by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization to inform their update on the vitamin D requirements for children aged <4 y.
objectivesThe objective of this work was to undertake multilevel and multivariable dose-response modeling of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) to total vitamin D intake in children aged <4 y with the goal of deriving updated vitamin D requirements for young children.
methodsSystematically identified randomized controlled trials among healthy children from 2 wk up to 3.9 y of age provided with daily vitamin D supplements or vitamin D-fortified foods were included. Linear and nonlinear random effects multilevel meta-regression models with and without covariates were fitted and compared. Interindividual variability was included by simulating the individual serum 25OHD responses. The percentage of individuals reaching set minimal and maximal serum 25OHD thresholds was calculated and used to derive vitamin D requirements.
resultsA total of 31 trials with 186 data points from North America, Europe, Asia, and Australasia/Oceania, with latitudes ranging from 61°N to 38°S, and with participants of likely mostly light or medium skin pigmentation, were included. In 29 studies the children received vitamin D supplements and in 2 studies the children received vitamin D-fortified milk with or without supplements. The dose-response relationship between vitamin D intake and serum 25OHD was best fitted with the unadjusted quadratic model. Adding additional covariates, such as age, did not significantly improve the model. At a vitamin D intake of 10 μg/d, 97.3% of the individuals were predicted to achieve a minimal serum 25OHD threshold of 28 nmol/L. At a vitamin D intake of 35 μg/d, 1.4% of the individuals predicted to reach a maximal serum 25OHD threshold of 200 nmol/L.
conclusionsIn conclusion, this paper details the methodological steps taken to derive vitamin D requirements in children aged <4 y, including the addition of an interindividual variability component.
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