Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38684808›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2024

Toroidic phase transitions in a direct-kagome artificial spin ice.

Wen-Cheng Yue, Zixiong Yuan, Peiyuan Huang, Yizhe Sun, Tan Gao, Yang-Yang Lyu, Xuecou Tu, Sining Dong, Liang He, Ying Dong and 6 more

Abstract read
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Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Wen-Cheng Yue *School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Zixiong Yuan *School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Peiyuan HuangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yizhe SunSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Tan GaoSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yang-Yang LyuSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Xuecou TuSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-6221
Sining DongSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. sndong@nju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-5602
Liang HeSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-0097
Ying DongCollege of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1737-3052
Xun CaoSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Lin KangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Huabing WangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. hbwang@nju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4802-6077
Peiheng WuSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-8953
Cristiano NisoliTheoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. cristiano@lanl.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-1023
Yong-Lei WangSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. yongleiwang@nju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0391-7757

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62274086
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ferrotoroidicity-the fourth form of primary ferroic order-breaks both space and time-inversion symmetry. So far, direct observation of ferrotoroidicity in natural materials remains elusive, which impedes the exploration of ferrotoroidic phase transitions. Here we overcome the limitations of natural materials using an artificial nanomagnet system that can be characterized at the constituent level and at different effective temperatures. We design a nanomagnet array as to realize a direct-kagome spin ice. This artificial spin ice exhibits robust toroidal moments and a quasi-degenerate ground state with two distinct low-temperature toroidal phases: ferrotoroidicity and paratoroidicity. Using magnetic force microscopy and Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate a phase transition between ferrotoroidicity and paratoroidicity, along with a cross-over to a non-toroidal paramagnetic phase. Our quasi-degenerate artificial spin ice in a direct-kagome structure provides a model system for the investigation of magnetic states and phase transitions that are inaccessible in natural materials.

Identifiers

PMID38684808

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.