ArticleDiscover oncology2024
The S100 family is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer.
Article in Discover oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Network of interactions between the tumor necrosis factor superfamily members and small S100 proteins.PloS one · 2026Article
- Methylated CfDNA may distinguish between high- and intermediate-risk uveal melanoma: a pilot study.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Exosomal integrin alpha 3 promotes epithelial ovarian cancer cell migration via the S100A7/p-ERK signaling pathway.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- An integrated approach for analyzing spatially resolved multi-omics datasets from the same tissue section.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Exploring DNA methylation profiles in blood samples of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma.PloS one · 2025Article
- Overexpression of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe S100 protein family is a group of small molecular EF-hand calcium-binding proteins that play critical roles in various biological processes, including promotion of growth, metastasis and immune evasion of tumor. However, the potential roles of S100 protein family expression in tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in pan-cancer remain elusive.
methodsHerein, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the expression patterns of the S100 protein family in pan-cancer, meticulously examining their correlation with characteristics of TME cell infiltration. The S100 score was constructed to quantify S100 family expression patterns of individual tumors.
resultsThe S100 family was a potent risk factor in many cancers. Clustering analysis based on the transcriptome patterns of S100 protein family identified two cancer clusters with distinct immunophenotypes and clinical characteristics. Cluster A, with lower S100 expression, exhibited lower immune infiltration, whereas, Cluster B, with higher S100 expression, featured higher immune infiltration. Interestingly, Cluster B had a poorer prognosis, likely due to an immune-excluded phenotype resulting from stromal activation. The analysis revealed robust enrichment of the TGFb and EMT pathways in the cohort exhibiting high S100 score, alongside a positive correlation between the S100 score and Treg levels, suggesting the manifestation of an immune-excluded phenotype in this group. Moreover, S100 families were associated with the prognosis of 22 different cancers and a noteworthy association was observed between high S100 score and an unfavorable response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. Consistent findings across two independent immunotherapy cohorts substantiated the advantageous therapeutic outcomes and clinical benefits in patients displaying lower S100score.
conclusionOur analysis demonstrated the role of S100 family in formation of TME diversity and complexity, enabling deeper cognition of TME infiltration characterization and the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies targeting S100 family for unique tumor types.
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