SynthesisActa diabetologica2024
Diabetes as a risk factor for pneumococcal disease and severe related outcomes and efficacy/effectiveness of vaccination in diabetic population. Results from meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in Acta diabetologica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vaccination of people with solid tumors and diabetes: existing evidence and recommendations. A position statement from a multidisciplinary panel of scientific societies.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Guideline
- [Smoking and nicotine use, heated tobacco products, psychological and socioeconomic aspects of dependence, alcohol, infections, vaccination and diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients With Diabetes: Narrative Review.JMIR diabetes · 2026Review
- Toward Universal Protection: A Comprehensive Review of Pneumococcal Disease, Emerging Vaccination Challenges and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Chronic Diseases and Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Prophylactic vaccination strategies for adult patients with diabetes: a narrative review of safety profiles and clinical effectiveness.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo collect all available evidence on the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for pneumococcal disease incidence and related complications, and on the efficacy/effectiveness of vaccines in patients with DM.
methodsTwo distinct systematic searches on MEDLINE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov and EMBASE databases were performed, one for each meta-analysis, collecting all observational (cohort and case-control) studies and randomized clinical trials performed on humans up to June 1st, 2023.
resultsWe retrieved 36 observational studies comparing risk for pneumococcal disease and related complications in people with or without DM, and 11 studies (1 randomized clinical trial and 10 observational studies) assessing conjugated and polysaccaridic vaccines efficacy/effectiveness on preventing such outcomes. People with DM were at higher risk for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (unadjusted OR 2.42 [2.00; 2.92]); Case-Fatality Rate (unadjusted OR 1.61 [1.25; 2.07], Pneumococcal pneumonia (unadjusted OR 2.98 [2.76; 3.22), and Intensive care unit admission for pneumococcal disease (unadjusted OR 2.09 [1.20; 3.66]). In diabetic individuals vaccinated with conjugated vaccine, incidence of pneumonia specific for vaccine type in a clinical trial (OR 0.237 [0.008; 0.704]), and hospitalization for overall pneumonia during the year following the polysaccharide vaccination in observational studies (unadjusted OR 0.63 [0.45-0.89]) were significantly lower in comparison with unvaccinated DM subjects, with no significant differences for other outcomes.
conclusionsPeople with diabetes mellitus are at higher risk for less favourable course of pneumococcal disease and should be therefore targeted in vaccination campaigns; more evidence needs to be collected on vaccination outcomes in people with diabetes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.