ArticleTobacco control2025
Biomarkers of metal exposure in adolescent e-cigarette users: correlations with vaping frequency and flavouring.
Article in Tobacco control, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perception of e-cigarette as a harmful product delays initiation by two years among Mexican students aged 14-29 years.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Observational
- Editorial Perspective: Smoking, vaping and mental health - a perspective on potential causal mechanisms.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of Exposure to Tobacco-Related Toxicants among Adult Nicotine Pouch Users.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Warning and informative messages on e-cigarette package leaflets: A Belgian policy case study for public health policymakers.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Propensity score modeling of adolescent e-cigarette use and cognitive performance: One-year follow-up study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence of tobacco use among adolescent Palestine refugees: A cross-regional study in United Nations relief works agency schools in Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and the West Bank.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Elevated Toxic Element Emissions from Popular Disposable E‑Cigarettes: Sources, Life Cycle, and Health Risks.ACS central science · 2025Article
- Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure among Individuals using both Combustible Cigarettes and E-cigarettes Based on Level of Product Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYouth vaping poses a significant public health concern as metals have been detected in e-cigarette aerosols and liquids. This study investigated factors associated with biomarkers of metal exposure.
methodsData were drawn from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Youth Panel, a nationally representative sample of US adolescents aged 13-17 years. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to cadmium, lead, and uranium were assessed by vaping frequency (occasional (1-5 days), intermittent (6-19 days), and frequent (20+ days)) in the past 30 days and flavour type (menthol/mint, fruit, and sweet).
resultsAmong 200 exclusive e-cigarette users (median age 15.9 years, 62.9% female), 65 reported occasional use, 45 reported intermittent use, and 81 reported frequent use. The average number of recent puffs per day increased exponentially by vaping frequency (occasional: 0.9 puffs, intermittent: 7.9 puffs, frequent: 27.0 puffs; p=0.001). Both intermittent (0.21 ng/mg creatinine) and frequent users (0.20 ng/mg creatinine) had higher urine lead levels than occasional users (0.16 ng/mg creatinine). Frequent users also had higher urine uranium levels compared with occasional users (0.009 vs 0.005 ng/mg creatinine, p=0.0004). Overall, 33.0% of users preferred using menthol/mint flavours, 49.8% fruit flavours, and 15.3% sweet flavours. Sweet flavour users had higher uranium levels compared with menthol/mint users (0.009 vs 0.005 ng/mg creatinine, p=0.02).
conclusionsVaping in early life could increase the risk of exposure to metals, potentially harming brain and organ development. Regulations on vaping should safeguard the youth population against addiction and exposure to metals.
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