ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
The thermoneutral zone in women takes an "arctic" shift compared to men.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Under Control? Mouse Models of Heat Exposure: A Systematic Review of Experimental Design and Methodology.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of ambient cold exposure on pain modulation: exploring individually reported thermal comfort as moderating factor in a crossover study of young adults.Scandinavian journal of pain · 2026Trial
- Neither rats nor mice have a broad thermoneutral zone: implications for physiological studies.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Advances in Adipose Tissue Biology.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Physiological and cortical determinants of exercise tolerance in sedentary women with obesity.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Body Temperature Regulation in the Rat by Muscle Tone.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Infrared thermography unveiled the variation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among East Asian adults.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in metabolic regulation by Gi/o-coupled receptor modulation of exocytosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Associations between apparent temperatures and emergency ambulance calls in Wuxi, China: a time series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Reproductive aging in biological females: mechanisms and immediate consequences.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Earlier vasoconstriction in females than males with matched body size and composition in neutral-cool conditions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Reply to Wang et al.: Body size and composition are the primary contributors to human thermoregulatory variation by sex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Association between thermogenic brown fat and genes under positive natural selection in circumpolar populations.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Conventionally, women are perceived to feel colder than men, but controlled comparisons are sparse. We measured the response of healthy, lean, young women and men to a range of ambient temperatures typical of the daily environment (17 to 31 °C). The Scholander model of thermoregulation defines the lower critical temperature as threshold of the thermoneutral zone, below which additional heat production is required to defend core body temperature. This parameter can be used to characterize the thermoregulatory phenotypes of endotherms on a spectrum from "arctic" to "tropical." We found that women had a cooler lower critical temperature (mean ± SD: 21.9 ± 1.3 °C vs. 22.9 ± 1.2 °C,
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