Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38680988›Full record

ArticleNeuro-oncology advances

Contemporary trends in the incidence and timing of spinal metastases: A population-based study.

Husain Shakil, Armaan K Malhotra, Jetan H Badhiwala, Vishwathsen Karthikeyan, Ahmad Essa, Yingshi He, Michael G Fehlings, Arjun Sahgal, Nicolas Dea, Alex Kiss and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Case of salvageSurgical neurology international · 2026
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  11. Can Multi-Vertebral CT-Based Finite Element Models Accurately Predict Strains? An In Vitro Validation Study.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
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  15. Review
  16. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Husain ShakilDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Armaan K MalhotraDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jetan H BadhiwalaDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Vishwathsen KarthikeyanDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1340-4744
Ahmad EssaFaculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Yingshi HeLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Michael G FehlingsDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Arjun SahgalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nicolas DeaNeurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-8059
Alex KissInstitute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Christopher D WitiwDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Donald A RedelmeierInstitute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jefferson R WilsonDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Spinal metastases are a significant complication of advanced cancer. In this study, we assess temporal trends in the incidence and timing of spinal metastases and examine underlying patient demographics and primary cancer associations. Methods: In this population-based retrospective cohort study, health data from 2007 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada were analyzed ( Results: The age-standardized incidence of spinal metastases increased from 229 to 302 cases per million over the 13-year study period. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.4% to 3.0%) with patients aged ≥85 years demonstrating the largest increase (AAPC 5.2%; 95% CI: 2.3% to 8.3%). Lung cancer had the greatest annual incidence, while prostate cancer had the greatest increase in annual incidence (AAPC 6.5; 95% CI: 4.1% to 9.0%). Lung cancer patients were found to have the highest risk of spine metastasis with 10.3% (95% CI: 10.1% to 10.5%) of patients being diagnosed at 10 years. Gastrointestinal cancer patients were found to have the lowest risk of spine metastasis with 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%) of patients being diagnosed at 10 years. Conclusions: The incidence of spinal metastases has increased in recent years, particularly among older patients. The incidence and timing vary substantially among different primary cancer types. These findings contribute to the understanding of disease trends and emphasize a growing population of patients who require subspecialty care.

Indexed as

cohort studiesepidemiologyincidenceOntariospinal metastasis

Identifiers

PMID38680988
PMCPMC11046986

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.