Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38680463›Full record

ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2024

A proposal to recognize investment in breastfeeding as a carbon offset.

Julie Patricia Smith, Phillip Baker, Roger Mathisen, Aoife Long, Nigel Rollins, Marilyn Waring

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Food-Derived Compounds Extend the Shelf-Life of Frozen Human Milk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Continuing a scientific dialogue between sectors on health and economics.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Julie Patricia SmithNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Building #63, cnr Mills and Eggleston Rd, Australian National University, Canberra0200, Australia.
Phillip BakerSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Roger MathisenAlive & Thrive, FHI 360, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Aoife LongMunster Technological University, Munster, Ireland.
Nigel RollinsDepartment of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Marilyn WaringInstitute of Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Policy-makers need to rethink the connections between the economy and health. The World Health Organization Council on the Economics of Health for All has called for human and planetary health and well-being to be moved to the core of decision-making to build economies for health. Doing so involves valuing and measuring what matters, more and better health financing, innovation for the common good and rebuilding public sector capacity. We build on this thinking to argue that breastfeeding should be recognized in food and well-being statistics, while investments in breastfeeding should be considered a carbon offset in global financing arrangements for sustainable food, health and economic systems. Breastfeeding women nourish half the world's infants and young children with immense quantities of a highly valuable milk. This care work is not counted in gross domestic product or national food balance sheets, and yet ever-increasing commercial milk formula sales are counted. Achieving global nutrition targets for breastfeeding would realize far greater reductions in greenhouse gas emissions than decarbonizing commercial milk formula manufacturing. New metrics and financing mechanisms are needed to achieve the health, sustainability and equity gains from more optimal infant and young child feeding. Properly valuing crucial care and environmental resources in global and national measurement systems would redirect international financial resources away from expanding carbon-emitting activities, and towards what really matters, that is, health for all. Doing so should start with considering breastfeeding as the highest quality, local, sustainable first-food system for generations to come.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingFemaleGlobal HealthHumansInfantInvestmentsWorld Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID38680463
PMCPMC11046154

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.