ReviewConsortium psychiatricum2020
Cognitive behavioural therapy in virtual reality treatments across mental health conditions: a systematic review.
Review in Consortium psychiatricum, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bibliometric analysis of trends, innovations, and the future of CBT-based mobile interventions for depression.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Health Care Workers' Perspectives on Virtual Reality in Mental Health: Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- A remote and avatar-based approach for social cognitive impairments in psychotic disorders: A Canadian adaptation of RC2S.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- The Role of Temporality in Virtual Reality Interventions for Depressive Episodes-A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Virtual Reality Technology in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Across Multiple Psychiatric Conditions: A Narrative Literature Review.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Review
- Low-Intensity Virtual Reality Exercise for Caregivers of People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- "Mom, what are you painting?" Virtual reality assessment of mother-daughter dynamics through joint art-making.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Virtual reality (VR) has been effectively used in the treatment of many mental health disorders.However, significant gaps exist in the literature. There is no treatment framework for researchers to use when developing new VR treatments. One recommended treatment across a range of diagnoses, which may be suitable for use in VR treatments, is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The aim of this systematic review is to investigateCBT treatment methods that utilize VR to treat mental health disorders. Objectives: To investigate how CBT has been used in VR to treat mental health disorders and to report onthe treatment characteristics (number of sessions, duration, and frequency) that are linked to effective and ineffective trials. Methods: Studies were included if patients had a mental health diagnosis and their treatment included immersiveVR technology and CBT principles. Data were extracted in relation to treatment characteristics and outcomes,and analysed using narrative synthesis. Results: Ninety-three studies were analysed. Exposure-based VR treatments were mainly used to treat anxiety related disorders. Treatments generally consisted of eight sessions, once a week for approximately one hour. VR treatments were commonly equal to or more effective than traditional face-to-face methods. No specific treatment characteristics were linked to this effectiveness. Conclusion: The number, frequency and duration of the VR treatment sessions identified in this review, could be used as a treatment framework by researchers and clinicians. This could potentially save researchers time and money when developing new interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.