ReviewBiological psychiatry2025
Immune Alterations in the Intrauterine Environment Shape Offspring Brain Development in a Sex-Specific Manner.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-specific signatures of fetal programming for gestational diabetes mellitus in umbilical cord: A cohort study from Tanzania.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Newborn IgG and IgM antibodies to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Sex-specific vulnerabilities in early human neurodevelopment following SARS-CoV-2-induced maternal immune activation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopment and Risk Factors in Infants Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern China: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- The Association of Preterm Birth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Placental and cord serum inflammatory cytokines and children's domain-specific neurodevelopment at 18 months: effect modification by maternal vitamin D status.BMC medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to immune dysregulation in utero or in early life has been shown to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to chronic stress, obesity, malnutrition, or autoimmune diseases. These exposures may cause subtle alteration in brain development, structure, and function that can become progressively magnified across the lifespan, potentially increasing the likelihood of developing a neuropsychiatric conditions. There is some evidence that males are more susceptible to early-life inflammatory challenges than females. In this review, we discuss the various sources of in utero or early-life immune alteration and the known effects on fetal development with a sex-specific lens. To do so, we leveraged neuroimaging, behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical findings. Gaining clarity about how the intrauterine environment affects offspring development is critically important for informing preventive and early intervention measures that may buffer against the effects of these early-life risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.