Shape Sensing of Cantilever Column Using Hybrid Frenet-Serret Homogeneous Transformation Matrix Method.

The Frenet-Serret (FS) framework stands as a pivotal tool in shape sensing for various infrastructures. However, this tool suffers from accumulative errors, particularly at inflection points where the normal vector undergoes sign changes. To minimize the error, the traditional FS framework is modified by incorporating the homogeneous matrix transformation (HMT) method for segments containing inflection points. Additionally, inclination information is also used to calculate the unit tangent vector and the unit norm vector at the start point of each segment. This novel approach, termed the FS-HMT method, aims to enhance accuracy. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation of a cantilever column was conducted using finite element software ANSYS 19.2. The numerical results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to accurately predict curves with inflection points, yielding a maximum error of 1.1%. Subsequently, experimental verification was performed using a 1 m long spring steel sheet, showcasing an error of 4.9%, which is notably lower than that of the traditional FS framework. Our proposed modified FS framework exhibits improved accuracy, especially in scenarios involving inflection points. These findings underscore its potential as a valuable tool for enhanced shape sensing in practical applications.