ArticlePharmaceutics2024
Non-Invasive Delivery of Negatively Charged Nanobodies by Anodal Iontophoresis: When Electroosmosis Dominates Electromigration.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Numerical simulation of PDRN iontophoresis: comparison with passive diffusion and key parameter analysis.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Biointegrated Battery-Based Electroceuticals.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Transdermal needle-free drug delivery approaches and activation mechanism.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Intelligent transdermal nanoparticles as synergizing advanced delivery systems for precision therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iontophoresis enables the non-invasive transdermal delivery of moderately-sized proteins and the needle-free cutaneous delivery of antibodies. However, simple descriptors of protein characteristics cannot accurately predict the feasibility of iontophoretic transport. This study investigated the cathodal and anodal iontophoretic transport of the negatively charged M7D12H nanobody and a series of negatively charged variants with single amino acid substitutions. Surprisingly, M7D12H and its variants were only delivered transdermally by anodal iontophoresis. In contrast, transdermal permeation after cathodal iontophoresis and passive diffusion was <LOQ. The anodal iontophoretic delivery of these negatively charged proteins was achieved because electroosmosis was the dominant electrotransport mechanism. Cutaneous deposition after the anodal iontophoresis of M7D12H
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Registered trials
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