ArticleMicroorganisms2024
Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.
Article in Microorganisms, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Manifestations and Immunological Impacts in Co-Infections and Sequential Infections of SARS-CoV-2 and Arboviruses.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- A human cerebral organoid model of West Nile virus encephalitis shows innate immunocompetency.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of TRIM21 and TRIM14 as Antiviral Factors Against Langat and Zika Viruses.Viruses · 2025Article
- Leukocyte recruitment in flavivirus-induced encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are the most important neuroinvasive arboviruses detected in Europe. In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 12 proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) in 77 patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NIDs). Flavivirus infection was confirmed in 62 patients (TBEV and WNV in 31 patients each), while in 15 patients the etiology of NID was not determined (NDE). Similar patterns of high-level expression of chemokines regulating monocyte/macrophage responses (CCL2), neutrophil recruitment (CXCL1 and CXCL8), and interferon-inducible chemoattractants for leukocytes (CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been observed in WNV and TBEV groups. None of the tested chemokines significantly differed between patients with TBEV or WNV. Concentrations of CCL17, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly lower in both WNV and TBEV groups compared to NID NDE patients. The logistic regression model showed that CSF concentrations of CXCL11, CXCL5, and CXCL10 could potentially be used for the classification of patients into the WNV or TBEV group versus groups with other NIDs. This study identified, for the first time, similar patterns of CSF chemokine expression in WNV and TBEV infections, suggesting common immunopathogenic mechanisms in neuroinvasive flavivirus infections that should be further evaluated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.