ReviewCancers2024
Causes and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer, What Do We Know for Sure? An Evidence Synthesis of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Targeting Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: An Updated Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- Innovative approaches in breast cancer therapy: repurposing nanocarriers for enhanced outcomes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Multi-Class Classification of Breast Cancer Subtypes Using ResNet Architectures on Histopathological Images.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Racial and Socioeconomic Disparity in Breast Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- Long-term outcomes of Türkiye's first population-based mammography screening program: a decade of breast cancer detection and survival analysis in Bahçeşehir.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio and breast cancer in adult women in the US: findings from the NHANES.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Pharmacist-led remote follow-up service for non-metastatic breast cancer patients: a prospective randomised controlled trial of pharmaceutical intervention.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) Combined with NGS Panel Testing Increases Accuracy in Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk Estimation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer affected more than 2.3 million women in 2022 and is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. The incidence rates are greater in developed regions and are significantly higher among women with higher education and socioeconomic status. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the way women live their lives may impact their risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer. This systematic review aimed to identify what is known about the causes and risk factors of breast cancer, excluding genetic causes. A comprehensive systematic search identified 2387 systematic reviews, 122 were included and six overall themes identified. In our "top list" with the 36 most important findings, a study of breast density had the highest effect size for increasing the risk of breast cancer, and a high sex-hormone-binding globulin level was the most protective factor. Many of the included studies investigating the same topics had conflicting results. The conclusion from this evidence synthesis reveals a lack of consensus of factors associated with the causes and risk of breast cancer. These findings suggest that recommendations about lifestyle and breast cancer should be made with caution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.