ArticleCancers2024
Ocular and Periocular Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Characteristics, Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcome.
Article in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Woman with Painless Visual Reduction.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Review
- Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Choroidal Metastasis Responsive to Sacituzumab Govitecan and Radiation Therapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Orbital metastasis from breast carcinoma: structured literature review and report of four cases.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Choroidal metastasis: Impact of primary tumors and age on survival - a single center analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Extensive ocular metastases involving choroid, optic disc, and ciliary body more than 20y after mastectomy: a case report.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Orbital Metastases of Breast Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Review
- From Breast to Eye: A Rare Case of Ocular Metastasis From Luminal Breast Cancer in a Nicaraguan Patient.Cureus · 2025Article
- Ocular metastasis in breast cancer: management of clinical case reports and a literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. Ocular and periocular metastasis present as a rare but clinically significant manifestation. This study aims to explore demographics and clinical aspects of ocular and periocular metastasis in breast cancer patients.
methodsA retrospective cohort study comprising 45 breast cancer patients with ocular or periocular metastasis treated between 2013 and 2023. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, visual outcomes, and survival data were analyzed.
resultsAmong 9902 breast cancer patients, 0.5% developed ocular or periocular metastasis, constituting 2.4% of metastatic cases. The median age was 50 years. Ocular metastasis timing varied: 5% before breast cancer, 24% concurrent, 22% within a year, and 49% after. The most common presentations included incidental MRI findings (42%) and vision decline (31%). Metastasis involved the orbit (47%), choroid (40%), optic nerve (11%), and iris (2%), with 44% having bilateral involvement. Predictive factors included invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) (
conclusionsOcular metastasis in breast cancer is rare (0.5%) but signifies poor outcome. It is linked to ILC and concurrent brain metastasis. Primary treatment involves radiation therapy, with a favorable visual prognosis.
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Registered trials
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