ArticleNature medicine2024
Bispecific T cell engager therapy for refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07689149 (Safety and Efficacy of BiTE in Desensitization Therapy for Highly Sensitized Kidney Transplant Candidates With cPRA ≥ 90%), which is not on this map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of BiTE in Desensitization Therapy for Highly Sensitized Kidney Transplant Candidates With cPRA ≥ 90%
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Evidence and updated guidelines of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation on autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Guideline
- CD19 CAR T cell therapy for treatment-refractory seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- CD19 CAR-T cells for treatment-refractory autoimmune diseases: the phase 1/2 CASTLE basket trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- From technological iteration to clinical breakthrough: advances of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Next-generation immune cell engagers for B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Efficacy of blinatumomab for dermatomyositis/SLE overlap syndrome occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant performed for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Biologicals, small-molecular agents, and cell-depleting therapies coming to the clinic.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Immune-mediated rheumatoid arthritis: from single-cell genomics to new therapies.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Rheumatologists' expectations and perceptions of T-cell redirecting therapies: results from a cross-sectional survey.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Blinatumomab as the first-line induction for ANCA-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.RMD open · 2026Article
- CD19×CD3 bispecific T cell engager treatment induces remission in experimental pemphigoid disease.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- A bispecific CD3×CD19 antibody for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- [Current treatment, foreseeable newcomer and new treatment approaches for Sjögren's disease].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Review
- The why, what, who and when of B cell depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus: biological rationale, patient stratification and evolving therapeutic modalities.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- [From CAR-T to T-cell engagers : New T-cell-based treatment in rheumatology].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Review
- Cellular therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus: recent progress and future directions.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Cognitive dysfunction associated with cellular immunotherapy for cancer.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Sjögren Disease-B Cells at the Brink: From Autoimmunity to Lymphomagenesis and the Rise of Novel B Cell-Targeted Therapies.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- T cell engagers in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) kill B cells by engaging T cells. BiTEs are highly effective in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we treated six patients with multidrug-resistant rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the CD19xCD3 BiTE blinatumomab under compassionate use. Low doses of blinatumomab led to B cell depletion and concomitant decrease of T cells, documenting their engager function. Treatment was safe, with brief increase in body temperature and acute phase proteins during first infusion but no signs of clinically relevant cytokine-release syndrome. Blinatumomab led to a rapid decline in RA clinical disease activity in all patients, improved synovitis in ultrasound and FAPI-PET-CT and reduced autoantibodies. High-dimensional flow cytometry analysis of B cells documented an immune reset with depletion of activated memory B cells, which were replaced by nonclass-switched IgD-positive naïve B cells. Together, these data suggest the feasibility and potential for BiTEs to treat RA. This approach warrants further exploration on other B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.