ArticleThe Lancet. Digital health2024
Randomised controlled trials evaluating artificial intelligence in clinical practice: a scoping review.
Article in The Lancet. Digital health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient-Facing AI-Enabled Digital Health Technologies and Quality of Life in Cancer: Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence in rehabilitation: a living systematic mapping review - first release.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Reporting guideline for Chatbot Health Advice studies: the CHART statement.BMC medicine · 2025Guideline
- Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing AI in Routine Medical Imaging: Systematic Review and Qualitative Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Operationalization of Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- AI-based clinician decision support system for diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases: a multicenter, randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- An LLM chatbot to facilitate primary-to-specialist care transitions: a randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- AI-Assisted Cardiovascular Risk Assessment by General Practitioners in Resource-Constrained Indonesian Settings Using a Conceptual Prototype: Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- AI-Based EMG Reporting: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Clinical Trial Notifications Triggered by Artificial Intelligence-Detected Cancer Progression: A Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Misaligned by design: evaluating and deploying generative AI for the real-world conditions of primary care: a Nordic and European perspective.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Beyond the algorithm: why oncology nursing in Asia-Pacific needs evidence-based AI evaluation.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Auditing clinical AI in oncology: Strengthening assurance frameworks and nursing leadership in the Asia-Pacific context.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Article
- Development of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Short Duration HCV Treatment Response.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Acceptance of Machine Learning for Medication Selection in Epilepsy to Inform Clinical Trial Design: Co-Design Survey Study.JMIR AI · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in health systems of the WHO European region: implementation, applications, opportunities, and barriers.International journal of medical informatics · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases: From Pattern Recognition to Signal Analysis and Clinical Decision Support.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A five-phase evaluation framework for diagnostic and predictive medical artificial intelligence.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This scoping review of randomised controlled trials on artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice reveals an expanding interest in AI across clinical specialties and locations. The USA and China are leading in the number of trials, with a focus on deep learning systems for medical imaging, particularly in gastroenterology and radiology. A majority of trials (70 [81%] of 86) report positive primary endpoints, primarily related to diagnostic yield or performance; however, the predominance of single-centre trials, little demographic reporting, and varying reports of operational efficiency raise concerns about the generalisability and practicality of these results. Despite the promising outcomes, considering the likelihood of publication bias and the need for more comprehensive research including multicentre trials, diverse outcome measures, and improved reporting standards is crucial. Future AI trials should prioritise patient-relevant outcomes to fully understand AI's true effects and limitations in health care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.