ArticleJournal of neurology2024
Association of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein with progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical applications and diagnostic research of GFAP and NfL in MS and NMOSD: a meta-analysis.BMC immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Two Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Black and Hispanic People with Multiple Sclerosis in CHIMES: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial.Annals of neurology · 2026Trial
- Impact of age, BMI, and renal function adjustment on interpretation of serum NfL and GFAP in multiple sclerosis progression: a scoping review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Assessing Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Using a Patient-Reported Disability Measure and Self-Administered Neuroperformance Outcomes.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Getting to the Core.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond Relapses: A Multimodal Biomarker Framework for Progression Independent of Relapse Activity and Smouldering Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- GFAP and NfL as predictors of disease progression and relapse activity in fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Serum biomarkers remain stable after transitioning from intravenous to subcutaneous natalizumab in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Ozanimod Reduces Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Low-to-Moderate Activity Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Dimethyl Fumarate, But Not Rituximab, Reduces Serum GFAP Levels and PIRMA in Relapsing-Remitting MS.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Kappa Free Light Chains Reflect Treatment Response and Progression Independent of Focal Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- A novel multiplexed biomarker panel reveals key molecular pathways in progressive multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Smouldering disease in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the Clinical Utility of Neurofilament Light Chain Assays in Multiple Sclerosis Management.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Bridging neuro-biomarkers and MR imaging: The synergistic role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in early CNS disease diagnosis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Biomarkers of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity-Can We Actually Measure It Yet?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Distinct prognostic implications of blood neuronal and astroglial biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders versus multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Brain-derived blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis-current trends and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cladribine tablets in the new multiple sclerosis era.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInsidious disability worsening is a common feature in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Many patients experience progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) despite being treated with high efficacy disease-modifying therapies. We prospectively investigated associations of body-fluid and imaging biomarkers with PIRA.
methodsPatients with early RRMS (n = 104) were prospectively included and followed up for 60 months. All patients were newly diagnosed and previously untreated. PIRA was defined using a composite score including the expanded disability status scale, 9-hole peg test, timed 25 foot walk test, and the symbol digit modalities test. Eleven body fluid and imaging biomarkers were determined at baseline and levels of serum neurofilament light (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) were also measured annually thereafter. Association of baseline biomarkers with PIRA was investigated in multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for clinical and demographic confounding factors. Longitudinal serum biomarker dynamics were investigated in mixed effects models.
resultsOnly sGFAP was significantly higher in PIRA at baseline (median [IQR] 73.9 [60.9-110.1] vs. 60.3 [45.2-79.9], p = 0.01). A cut-off of sGFAP > 65 pg/mL resulted in a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 61%, to detect patients at higher risk of PIRA. In a multivariable logistic regression, sGFAP > 65 pg/mL was associated with higher odds of developing PIRA (odds ratio 4.3, 95% CI 1.44-12.86, p = 0.009). Repeated measures of sGFAP levels showed that patients with PIRA during follow-up had higher levels of sGFAP along the whole follow-up compared to stable patients (p < 0.001).
conclusionDetermination of sGFAP at baseline and follow-up may be useful in capturing disability accrual independent of relapse activity in early RRMS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.