ReviewToxins2024
Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.
Review in Toxins, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Structure and function of a fungal AB toxin-like chimerolectin involved in anti-nematode defense.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Revalorizing Cocoa Endocarp Residues as Novel Ingredients With Potential Prebiotic Effects: A Step Toward Circular Economy.Journal of food science · 2026Article
- A host defense role for Fibrinogen by direct binding of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Advances in molecular dynamics approaches for investigating cell-penetrating peptides.Biophysical reviews · 2026Review
- High resolution immunoinformatic profiling of Zonula occludens toxin reveals a conserved multiepitope vaccine candidate inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Antibacterial Immunotherapy: Mechanistic Insights, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and Clinical Translation.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Intersections between proteostasis and immunity: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- TRENDS AND RESEARCH FRONTIERS ON GUT MICROBIOTA AND STUNTING: A BIBLIOMETRIC INSIGHT FROM 2009 TO 2025.Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Article
- ToxIR: an accurate RNA-seq pipeline for high-precision toxin transcriptome profiling, validated in odontobuthus doriae venom glands.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Phosphoproteome Reveals the Role of Baicalin in Alleviating rPVL-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in BMECs.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Metaproteomics in the One Health framework for unraveling microbial effectors in microbiomes.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Targeted degradation of α-Synuclein using an evolved botulinum toxin protease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Antibacterial carbon dots.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Article
- Impact of Metabolites from Foodborne Pathogens on Cancer.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Respiratory tract infections: an update on the complexity of bacterial diversity, therapeutic interventions and breakthroughs.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Repurposing FDA-approved disulfiram for targeted inhibition of diphtheria toxin and the binary protein toxins ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial protein toxins are secreted by certain bacteria and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in humans and animals. They are among the most potent molecules known, which are active at very low concentrations. Bacterial protein toxins exhibit a wide diversity based on size, structure, and mode of action. Upon recognition of a cell surface receptor (protein, glycoprotein, and glycolipid), they are active either at the cell surface (signal transduction, membrane damage by pore formation, or hydrolysis of membrane compound(s)) or intracellularly. Various bacterial protein toxins have the ability to enter cells, most often using an endocytosis mechanism, and to deliver the effector domain into the cytosol, where it interacts with an intracellular target(s). According to the nature of the intracellular target(s) and type of modification, various cellular effects are induced (cell death, homeostasis modification, cytoskeleton alteration, blockade of exocytosis, etc.). The various modes of action of bacterial protein toxins are illustrated with representative examples. Insights in toxin evolution are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.