ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2024
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Rapid Antigen Test Performance - Respiratory Virus Transmission Network, November 2022-May 2023.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 Point-of-Care Testing Modalities: Integrating Molecular, Immunological, Biosensor, and AI Approaches.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A 3-Tier AI Model for COVID-19 Triage Using Pharyngeal Images: Algorithm Development and Validation.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- A Multi-Provincial Clinical Evaluation of the PANBIO™ COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test Device in South Africa.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Calculating the Probability that a Previously Susceptible Individual is Infected as a Function of Time Following Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Policy challenges in the provision of COVID-19 border screening: evidence from eight countries.BMC public health · 2026Review
- Estimating the generation time for SARS-CoV-2 transmission using United States household data, December 2021-May 2023.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Genomic and clinical epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Lebanon: a prospective multicenter study 2020-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Real-world impact of point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 in an ambulatory setting of an integrated health network.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Review
- Budget impact of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 in a large urban jail: an activity-based cost analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Clinical Symptom Patterns as Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers in Puerto Rico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Population Immunity and Public Health Measures on the Transmission of Omicron Subvariants BA.2 and BA.5 in Hong Kong.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Using the 2024 National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Definition of Long COVID: Implications for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of NADAL COVID IgG/IgM rapid test and DiaSorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay across different blood sources and substrates.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- A Randomized Trial of At-Home COVID-19 Tests, Telemedicine, and Rapid Prescription Delivery for Immunocompromised Individuals.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance from Community-Distributed Rapid Antigen Tests, Wisconsin, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Point of Care Nucleic Acid Testing for Influenza-Like Illness: A Cost-Consequence Analysis for High-Risk Patients in Primary Care in Germany.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- Key Insights into Respiratory Virus Testing: Sensitivity and Clinical Implications.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Association of race, ethnicity, and housing stability with COVID-19 testing method by investigators in underserved populations 2020-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 evolves and new variants emerge, the role and accuracy of antigen tests remain active questions. To describe recent test performance, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by antigen testing was compared with that by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culture testing during November 2022-May 2023. Participants who were enrolled in a household transmission study completed daily symptom diaries and collected two nasal swabs (tested for SARS-CoV-2 via RT-PCR, culture, and antigen tests) each day for 10 days after enrollment. Among participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the percentages of positive antigen, RT-PCR, and culture results were calculated each day from the onset of symptoms or, in asymptomatic persons, from the date of the first positive test result. Antigen test sensitivity was calculated using RT-PCR and viral culture as references. The peak percentage of positive antigen (59.0%) and RT-PCR (83.0%) results occurred 3 days after onset, and the peak percentage of positive culture results (52%) occurred 2 days after onset. The sensitivity of antigen tests was 47% (95% CI = 44%-50%) and 80% (95% CI = 76%-85%) using RT-PCR and culture, respectively, as references. Clinicians should be aware of the lower sensitivity of antigen testing compared with RT-PCR, which might lead to false-negative results. This finding has implications for timely initiation of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral treatment, when early diagnosis is essential; clinicians should consider RT-PCR for persons for whom antiviral treatment is recommended. Persons in the community who are at high risk for severe COVID-19 illness and eligible for antiviral treatment should seek testing from health care providers with the goal of obtaining a more sensitive diagnostic test than antigen tests (i.e., an RT-PCR test).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.