ReviewCells2024
Breaking Barriers: Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy of Bladder Cancer.
Review in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traditional Chinese medicine in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a scoping review of syndrome characteristics and critical synthesis of pharmacological and mechanistic evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming innate immune memory in bladder cancer: the proposed bone marrow-bladder axis and next-generation BCG-based immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Aerobic glycolysis in bladder cancer: research advances and targeted therapy potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Heightened IDO1 levels predict Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin failure in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Computational development of mushroom-6-glucan/paclitaxel as a synergistic complementary medicine for breast cancer therapy.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Viral infections and immune modulation in bladder cancer: implications for immunotherapy.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- The Laws of Attraction: Chemokines as Critical Mediators in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Revitalizing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer: Nanotechnology and Bioengineering Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- The clinical significance and anti-tumor role of PRKG1 in bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The clinical management of bladder cancer continues to present significant challenges. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy remains the gold standard of treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but many patients develop recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease (MIBC), which is resistant to BCG. This review focuses on the immune mechanisms mobilized by BCG in bladder cancer tumor microenvironments (TME), mechanisms of BCG resistance, the dual role of the BCG-triggered NFkB/TNFα/PGE2 axis in the regulation of anti-tumor and tumor-promoting aspects of inflammation, and emerging strategies to modulate their balance. A better understanding of BCG resistance will help develop new treatments and predictive biomarkers, paving the way for improved clinical outcomes in bladder cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.