Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38666821›Full record

ReviewBiology2024

Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions.

Rosario Licitra, Baldassare Fronte, Tiziano Verri, Maria Marchese, Chiara Sangiacomo, Filippo Maria Santorelli

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  5. Article
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  10. Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rosario LicitraDepartment of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4879-6610
Baldassare FronteDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8480-318X
Tiziano VerriDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4983-2767
Maria MarcheseDepartment of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0194-0702
Chiara SangiacomoDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2828-2578
Filippo Maria SantorelliDepartment of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy.
Fondazione Stella Maris · ITUniversity of Pisa · ITUniversity of Salento · IT

Funding

Ministero della Salute Ricerca Corrente 2023Ministero della Salute Ricerca Corrente 5X1000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements and standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important to avoid nutritional effects on experimental outcomes, and especially when zebrafish models are used in preclinical studies, as many diseases have nutritional confounding factors. A key aspect of zebrafish nutrition is related to feed intake, the amount of feed ingested by each fish daily. With the goal of standardizing feeding protocols among the zebrafish community, this paper systematically reviews the available data from 73 studies on zebrafish feed intake, feeding regimes (levels), and diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding diet composition, especially regarding crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) and lipid content (9.91 ± 5.40%). Interestingly, the gross energy levels of the zebrafish diets were similar across the reviewed studies (20.39 ± 2.10 kilojoules/g of feed). In most of the reviewed papers, fish received a predetermined quantity of feed (feed supplied). The authors fed the fish according to the voluntary intake and then calculated feed intake (FI) in only 17 papers. From a quantitative point of view, FI was higher than when a fixed quantity (pre-defined) of feed was supplied. Also, the literature showed that many biotic and abiotic factors may affect zebrafish FI. Finally, based on the FI data gathered from the literature, a new feeding protocol is proposed. In summary, a daily feeding rate of 9-10% of body weight is proposed for larvae, whereas these values are equal to 6-8% for juveniles and 5% for adults when a dry feed with a proper protein and energy content is used.

Indexed as

feed ingestionfeeding protocolfeed intakefeedsfish dietszebrafish nutrition

Identifiers

PMID38666821
PMCPMC11047914
OpenAlexW4393160479

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.