ReviewmAbs
Applications and challenges in designing VHH-based bispecific antibodies: leveraging machine learning solutions.
Review in mAbs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- A side-by-side biophysical comparison of five single-domain antibody scaffolds used for synthetic display libraries.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Disulphide and sequence-encoded conformational priors guide nanobody structure prediction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Discovering Novel Therapeutic VbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Discovering novel therapeutic VFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Nanobodies in biomedicine: from molecular characteristics to fabrication and clinical translation.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Targeting angiogenesis: advances in the design and engineered applications of nanobodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- Challenges and strategies in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of an anti-CD3 VHH and construction of an anti-CD3/anti-EGFR bispecific tandem VHH as a cancer cell targeting drug construct.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Nanobodies: From Discovery to AI-Driven Design.Biology · 2025Review
- Advantages of MabSelect VH3, a novel VH3-specific Protein A resin, over its two conventional counterparts in purifying a VHH-based trispecific antibody.Journal of biological methods · 2025Article
- Biparatopic HER2-targeted nanobody binder synergizes with trastuzumab in resistant tumor cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- NanoAbLLaMA: construction of nanobody libraries with protein large language models.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Engineering HER2-targeted biparatopic antibodies to promote receptor internalization and restore antitumor efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Research progress on the application of nanobodies in immunity and infectious skin diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- VHH-based CAR-T cells targeting Claudin 18.2 show high efficacy in pancreatic cancer models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Single-Domain Antibodies-Novel Tools to Study and Treat Allergies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of bispecific antibodies that bind at least two different targets relies on bringing together multiple binding domains with different binding properties and biophysical characteristics to produce a drug-like therapeutic. These building blocks play an important role in the overall quality of the molecule and can influence many important aspects from potency and specificity to stability and half-life. Single-domain antibodies, particularly camelid-derived variable heavy domain of heavy chain (VHH) antibodies, are becoming an increasingly popular choice for bispecific construction due to their single-domain modularity, favorable biophysical properties, and potential to work in multiple antibody formats. Here, we review the use of VHH domains as building blocks in the construction of multispecific antibodies and the challenges in creating optimized molecules. In addition to exploring traditional approaches to VHH development, we review the integration of machine learning techniques at various stages of the process. Specifically, the utilization of machine learning for structural prediction, lead identification, lead optimization, and humanization of VHH antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.