ArticleNature communications2024
Bat-borne H9N2 influenza virus evades MxA restriction and exhibits efficient replication and transmission in ferrets.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Egyptian rousette bat humoral immunity to H9 influenza hemagglutinin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterization of emerging H3N3 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Characterization of the glycoproteins of fish and amphibian influenza B-like viruses.Science advances · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Construction of a replication-defective recombinant virus and cell-based vaccine for H9N2 avian influenza virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Molecular detection of Bartonella in bats and their ectoparasites, Spinturnix myoti, from central and Western Yunnan Province, China.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Genomics of novel influenza A virus (H18N12) in bats, Caribe Colombia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Preparedness, prevention and control related to zoonotic avian influenza.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Scent dogs identify SARS-CoV-2-infections in respiratory samples from experimentally infected ferrets and hamsters-a pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of subtype H9N2 have reached an endemic stage in poultry farms in the Middle East and Asia. As a result, human infections with avian H9N2 viruses have been increasingly reported. In 2017, an H9N2 virus was isolated for the first time from Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bat H9N2 is descended from a common ancestor dating back centuries ago. However, the H9 and N2 sequences appear to be genetically similar to current avian IAVs, suggesting recent reassortment events. These observations raise the question of the zoonotic potential of the mammal-adapted bat H9N2. Here, we investigate the infection and transmission potential of bat H9N2 in vitro and in vivo, the ability to overcome the antiviral activity of the human MxA protein, and the presence of N2-specific cross-reactive antibodies in human sera. We show that bat H9N2 has high replication and transmission potential in ferrets, efficiently infects human lung explant cultures, and is able to evade antiviral inhibition by MxA in transgenic B6 mice. Together with its low antigenic similarity to the N2 of seasonal human strains, bat H9N2 fulfils key criteria for pre-pandemic IAVs.
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