ArticleNature communications2024
Functional connectivity development along the sensorimotor-association axis enhances the cortical hierarchy.
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Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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69citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal white-matter development across early childhood.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Intrinsic timescale develops hierarchically from sensorimotor to association cortex in youth and stabilizes in adulthood.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Altered gray matter network segregation and disrupted interregional connectivity in children with persistent developmental stuttering: a graph-theoretical morphometric study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Cortical Structures Underlying Schizophrenia and Sex Differences in Preadolescents: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Robust probabilistic measurement of structural-functional module consistency in infant brain development.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Human cortex organizes dynamic co-fluctuations along the sensorimotor-association axis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multivariate environmental exposures are reflected in whole-brain functional connectivity and cognition in youth.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Multiscale brain development across the human lifespan.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Nucleus-level thalamic organization anchors multimodal signatures of thalamocortical maturation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Schooling Trajectories and the Development of Brain Dynamics: A Comparative Study of Montessori and Traditional Education.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Developmental Neurotoxicity of Alcohol from Neuronal Basis to Behavioural Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Developmental changes of the white matter functional connectome.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Brain Connectivity Development Using Sign-Aware Graph Theory Metrics.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Convergent and divergent brain-cognition development in early adolescence.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modeling Complex Effects and Individual Variability in Multi-Paradigm fMRI with Nonlinear Mixed Models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mapping the spatiotemporal continuum of structural connectivity development across the human connectome in youth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Impact of prenatal exposure to airborne particulate matter on local functional connections in the cerebral cortex of neonates.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Mapping Individualized Developmental Imbalance in Youth and Its Association with Psychopathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A multi-modal parcellation of human globus pallidus and its implications for symptom prediction and stratification in Parkinson's disease.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Individual differences reveal distinct age and pubertal contributions to the refinement of the functional cortical hierarchy during adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
Audrey C LuoPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-1876
Valerie J SydnorPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-668X
Adam PinesPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Bart LarsenPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-4342
Aaron F Alexander-BlochDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-1893
Matthew CieslakPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4734
Sydney CovitzPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Andrew A ChenDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
Nathalia Bianchini EsperCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-9226
Eric FeczkoCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-5517
Alexandre R FrancoCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
Raquel E GurDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Ruben C GurDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-8502
Audrey HoughtonMasonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9426-7969
Fengling HuPenn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Arielle S KellerPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Gregory KiarCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-496X
Kahini MehtaPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Giovanni A SalumCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
Tinashe TaperaPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Ting XuCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-3832
Chenying ZhaoPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-6259
Taylor SaloPenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Damien A FairMasonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-393X
Russell T ShinoharaPenn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Michael P MilhamCenter for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-1210
Theodore D SatterthwaitePenn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. sattertt@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-9399
Funding
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007170 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BRASS, LAWRENCE F · 1985 to 2022
$54.0MStatistical Methods for Multilevel Multivariate Functional StudiesR01NS060910 · NINDS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Ciprian M Crainiceanu · 2009 to 2026
$8.3MLongitudinal Mapping of Network Development Underlying Executive Dysfunction in AdolescenceR01MH113550 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Danielle Smith Bassett, Theodore Satterthwaite · 2018 to 2026
$6.9MTraining for Transformative Discovery in PsychiatryT32MH016804 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SWEET, ROBERT A · 1985 to 2025
$6.2MSCHIZOPHRENIA: A NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PERSPECTIVET32MH019112 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 1990 to 2024
$6.2MPersonalized Functional Network Modeling to Characterize and Predict Psychopathology in YouthR01EB022573 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Yong Fan, Theodore Satterthwaite · 2016 to 2026
$6.0MInter-modal Coupling Image AnalyticsR01MH112847 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Theodore Satterthwaite, Russell Takeshi Shinohara · 2017 to 2026
$5.9MPrecision mapping of individualized executive networks in youthR37MH125829 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Damien A Fair, Theodore Satterthwaite · 2021 to 2026
$4.7MTraining Program in Neuroengineering and MedicineT32NS091006 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Brian Litt · 2015 to 2026
$4.1MHarmonization of Multi-Site Neuroimaging Data from Complex Study DesignsR01MH123550 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SHINOHARA, RUSSELL TAKESHI · 2020 to 2025
$4.0MEvolution of Psychosis in Youth: Multimodal Risk and Resilience MarkersR01MH119219 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E, GUR, RUBEN C. · 2019 to 2023
$3.8MThe Neuroimaging Brain Chart Software SuiteU24NS130411 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Christos Davatzikos, Yong Fan · 2023 to 2026
$3.7MNIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB022573NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007170NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH123063NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH127293NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH127293NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH112847NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113550NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119219NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120482NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123550NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123563NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH125829NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH116920NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH121867NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH016804NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019112NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS060910NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS091006NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS130411
Abstract
Human cortical maturation has been posited to be organized along the sensorimotor-association axis, a hierarchical axis of brain organization that spans from unimodal sensorimotor cortices to transmodal association cortices. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the development of functional connectivity during childhood through adolescence conforms to the cortical hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-association axis. We tested this pre-registered hypothesis in four large-scale, independent datasets (total n = 3355; ages 5-23 years): the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 1207), Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (n = 397), Human Connectome Project: Development (n = 625), and Healthy Brain Network (n = 1126). Across datasets, the development of functional connectivity systematically varied along the sensorimotor-association axis. Connectivity in sensorimotor regions increased, whereas connectivity in association cortices declined, refining and reinforcing the cortical hierarchy. These consistent and generalizable results establish that the sensorimotor-association axis of cortical organization encodes the dominant pattern of functional connectivity development.
Indexed as
ConnectomeMagnetic Resonance ImagingSensorimotor CortexAdolescentAdultCerebral CortexChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleNerve NetNeural PathwaysYoung Adult
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