Observational studyBMJ open2024
Use of GLP1 receptor agonists in early pregnancy and reproductive safety: a multicentre, observational, prospective cohort study based on the databases of six Teratology Information Services.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and GLP-1 receptor agonist timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2026Pooled it
- Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Guideline
- Article
- Temporal Trends and Clinical Characteristics of Incretin-Based Therapy Use in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Real-World Cohort Study From a Polish Private Healthcare Network.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Obstetrical and medical outcomes following GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure in pregnancy: a case series.Case reports in women's health · 2026Article
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome in pregnancy: pathophysiology and outcomes.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Semaglutide Exposure During Pregnancy: Results from the FAERS Database.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists before, during, and after pregnancy: a narrative review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Maternal obesity and the metabolic syndrome in reproductive health: assessing incretin-based interventions.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Article
- Continuing Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Into the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes : A Target Trial Emulation Study Using Claims Information.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Observational
- Periconceptional use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of major congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Reproductive Medicine: A Narrative Review and Investigational Pilot Survey of Patient Perspectives in Academic Reproductive Endocrinology.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Perinatal Semaglutide Treatment Improves Maternal Health and Mitigates Offspring Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- GLP-1 receptor agonists as multisystem therapies: from glycemic control to cardiorenal, neuroimmune, and metabolic disease.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exposure During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Maternal cardiometabolic health and the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists from preconception to postpartum: A review of evidence and opportunities.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Review
- Semaglutide Induces Oxidative Stress and Differentially Modulates mTOR-Dependent Growth and Invasion in Human Trophoblast Cell Models: Implications for Placental Function.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use Across Preconception, Pregnancy, and the Postpartum Periods.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and more recently for weight loss. The aim of this study was to assess the risks associated with GLP1-RA exposure during early pregnancy.
designThis multicentre, observational prospective cohort study compared pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to GLP1-RA in early pregnancy either for diabetes or obesity treatment with those in two reference groups: (1) women with diabetes exposed to at least one non-GLP1-RA antidiabetic drug during the first trimester and (2) a reference group of overweight/obese women without diabetes, between 2009 and 2022.
settingData were collected from the databases of six Teratology Information Services.
participantsThis study included 168 pregnancies of women exposed to GLP1-RA during the first trimester, alongside a reference group of 156 pregnancies of women with diabetes and 163 pregnancies of overweight/obese women.
resultsExposure to GLP1-RA in the first trimester was not associated with a risk of major birth defects when compared with diabetes (2.6% vs 2.3%; adjusted OR, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.16 to 5.82)) or to overweight/obese (2.6% vs 3.9%; adjusted OR 0.54 (0.11 to 2.75)). For the GLP1-RA group, cumulative incidence for live births, pregnancy losses and pregnancy terminations was 59%, 23% and 18%, respectively. In the diabetes reference group, corresponding estimates were 69%, 26% and 6%, while in the overweight/obese reference group, they were 63%, 29% and 8%, respectively. Cox proportional cause-specific hazard models indicated no increased risk of pregnancy losses in the GLP1-RA versus the diabetes and the overweight/obese reference groups, in both crude and adjusted analyses.
conclusionsThis study offers reassurance in cases of inadvertent exposure to GLP1-RA during the first trimester of pregnancy. Due to the limited sample size, larger studies are required to validate these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.