ArticleRMD open2024
Primary Sjögren's syndrome independently promotes premature subclinical atherosclerosis.
Article in RMD open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric Sjögren's Disease: Literature Review and Diagnostic Challenges in an Uncommon Case.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic risk and vascular changes in rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Muscular involvement in Sjögren's disease is associated with male gender, Ro52 autoantibodies, and a higher clinical activity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Sjogren's Disease and Elevated Cardiovascular Risk: Mechanisms and Treatment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Sex Dependent and Sjögren Disease Like Immune Responses Against Phosphoantigens in Balb/C Mice.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Macular Microvasculature Is Different in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Disease Compared to Healthy Controls.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Premature Ischemic Stroke in Sjögren's Disease.Journal of stroke · 2025Article
- Exploration of potential biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics for peripheral atherosclerosis in sjögren's syndrome based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- No difference in endothelial microvasculation measured by peripheral arterial tonometry in patients with Sjögren's disease and matched controls.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Vitamin D in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) and the Identification of Novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Involved in the Development of pSS-Associated Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCardiovascular comorbidities are common in patients with autoimmune diseases. This study investigates the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Correlations with clinical factors such as organ involvement (OI) or disease activity were analysed and oxLDL antibodies (oxLDL ab) were measured as potential biomarkers of vascular damage.
methodsPatients with pSS were consecutively included from the rheumatology outpatient clinic. Age- and sex-matched controls were recruited (2:1 ratio). Data collection was performed by a standardised questionnaire and Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the plaque extent and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Propensity score matching included all cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and corresponding laboratory markers.
resultsData were available for 299 participants (199 pSS/100 controls), aged 59.4 years (50.6-65.0), 19.1% male. After matching, the pSS cohort had greater cIMT (p<0.001) and plaque extent (OR=1.82; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.95). Subgroup analyses of patients with pSS revealed that OI was associated with increased cIMT (p=0.025) and increased plaque occurrence compared with patients without OI (OR=1.74; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.01). OxLDL ab tended to be lower in patients with plaque (p=0.052). Correlations of higher Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) ab with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (p<0.001) and anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies (SSA/Ro antibodies) (p=0.026) were observed.
conclusionsSubclinical atherosclerosis occurs earlier and more severely in patients with pSS. The difference in cIMT between pSS and controls seems mainly driven by patients with OI, suggesting that this subgroup is particularly at risk. OxLDL ab might protect against atherosclerotic progression in patients with pSS. CVR stratification and preventive medications such as Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors should be discussed and further longitudinal studies are needed.
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