ReviewFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association2024
Retinal toxicity of heavy metals and its involvement in retinal pathology.
Review in Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heavy Metal-Induced Retinal Injury in Zebrafish (Toxics · 2026Review
- Arsenic exposure promotes retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and oxidative stress via NF-κB pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Metal ions in aging and ocular diseases: biology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.npj aging · 2026Review
- Comprehensive multi-method analysis of blood heavy metals and nutrient intake in myopia and high myopia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Metallomic Analysis of Vitreous Humor of the Human Eye-A Post-Mortem Multielemental Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Environmental Exposures and Oxidative Stress in Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From environmental exposure to retinal pathology: epidemiological and mechanistic insights into multi-metal driven ocular diseases.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Lipidomic and neurobehavioral alterations from developmental lead exposure in zebrafish.Journal of hazardous materials · 2026Article
- Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic retinopathy: mechanistic insights and emerging therapies.Biological research · 2026Review
- Combined exposure to three heavy metals and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the Korean population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Machine learning prediction of glaucoma by heavy metal exposure: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2008.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of exposure to urinary and blood heavy metals with visual disability among U.S. adults in NHANES 2013-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of the present review is to discuss epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association between toxic metal (Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Sn, Ti, Tl) exposure and retinal pathology, along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that Cd, and to a lesser extent Pb exposure, are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), while the existing evidence on the levels of these metals in patients with diabetic retinopathy is scarce. Epidemiological data on the association between other toxic metals and metalloids including mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), are limited. Clinical reports and laboratory in vivo studies have shown structural alterations in different layers of retina following metal exposure. Examination of retina samples demonstrate that toxic metals can accumulate in the retina, and the rate of accumulation appears to increase with age. Experimental studies in vivo and in vitro studies in APRE-19 and D407 cells demonstrate that toxic metal exposure may cause retinal damage through oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impaired retinogenesis, and retinal inflammation. However, further epidemiological as well as laboratory studies are required for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and identifying of the potential therapeutic targets and estimation of the dose-response effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.