Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Long-term Cumulative Incidence of Clinically Diagnosed Retinopathy in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic cerebral microvascular disorder: from key pathologies to targeted interventions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of physical activity on visual outcomes among persons with type 2 diabetes: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Metabolic alterations in diabetic patients: aqueous humor profiling for biomarker discovery.Amino acids · 2025Article
- 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Using Real-World Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextLifestyle intervention reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
objectiveThis work aimed to find out whether participation in an earlier lifestyle intervention had an effect on the occurrence of clinically diagnosed diabetic retinopathy (DR) during a median of 22 years of follow-up time.
methodsThe study included 505 individuals from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) (mean age 55; range, 40-64 years at the onset of the study) with IGT who were originally randomly assigned to the intervention (weight loss, healthy diet, and physical activity) (N = 257) and usual care control groups (N = 248). The median follow-up was 22 years. Clinical retinopathy diagnoses were obtained from the Finnish national hospital Care Register for Health. Data on glycemic parameters, serum lipids, and blood pressure were available from both the intervention (median 4 years) and postintervention period (until year 7).
resultsNo significant difference was found in the cumulative incidence of clinically diagnosed DR between the original intervention (N = 23, 8.9%) and control groups (N = 19, 7.7%) during the extended follow-up (odds ratio: 1.15; 95% CI, 0.61-2.21). A higher cumulative glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly associated with a higher risk of retinopathy (hazard ratio 1.4; 1.02-1.88, 95% posterior interval, adjusted for group, age, and sex). Furthermore, the incidence of retinopathy diagnosis was numerically more common among individuals who had developed diabetes during the follow-up (33/349) compared with those who had not (9/156); however, the comparison was not statistically significant (odds ratio: 1.86, 95% CI, 0.89-4.28, adjusted for group, age, and sex).
conclusionA higher cumulative HbA1c was significantly associated with a higher risk of retinopathy. No evidence was found for a beneficial effect of a 4-year lifestyle intervention on the long-term occurrence of clinical DR during a median of 22-year follow-up.
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