Artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector: comparison of deep learning networks using chest X-ray images.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence has led to significant developments in the healthcare sector, as in other sectors and fields. In light of its significance, the present study delves into exploring deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence. Methods: In the study, deep learning networks ResNet101, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and Xception were considered, and it was aimed to determine the success of these networks in disease diagnosis. For this purpose, a dataset of 1,680 chest X-ray images was utilized, consisting of cases of COVID-19, viral pneumonia, and individuals without these diseases. These images were obtained by employing a rotation method to generate replicated data, wherein a split of 70 and 30% was adopted for training and validation, respectively. Results: The analysis findings revealed that the deep learning networks were successful in classifying COVID-19, Viral Pneumonia, and Normal (disease-free) images. Moreover, an examination of the success levels revealed that the ResNet101 deep learning network was more successful than the others with a 96.32% success rate. Conclusion: In the study, it was seen that deep learning can be used in disease diagnosis and can help experts in the relevant field, ultimately contributing to healthcare organizations and the practices of country managers.