ReviewThe journal of headache and pain2024
Female-selective mechanisms promoting migraine.
Review in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific management of migraine a systematic review and consensus statement from the European Headache Federation (EHF).The journal of headache and pain · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Cochlear Functional Changes and CGRP Modulation in a Chronic Nitroglycerin Migraine-Like Rat Model.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex differences in behaviors, neuronal activation, and gut-microbiota-metabolic axis in a repeated nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine model.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Chronification of Pain.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- The pPVTThe journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Obesity-driven low-grade chronic inflammation as a mechanistic bridge to chronic pain: from adipose tissue remodeling to central sensitization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Migraine Features and Nociceptive Profile Do Not Influence Conditioned Pain Modulation in Women With Episodic and Chronic Migraine.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive Performance and Executive Functions Do Not Influence Conditioned Pain Modulation in Women with Migraine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Macrophages and iNOS contribute to the effects of dural prolactin and repeated stress in mouse migraine models.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of migraine among female college students with premenstrual syndrome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Endothelial-Targeted Metallothionein-2 shRNA Nanoparticles Alleviate Migraine-Like Symptoms.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Migraine in men - differences in phenotype and treatment patterns: results from the Migraine in Poland cross-sectional national survey.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Primary Headache: Is There a Link?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex difference in TRPM3 channel functioning in nociceptive and vascular systems: an emerging target for migraine therapy in females?The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Chronification of migraine sensitizes to CGRP in male and female mice.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Migraine. Focus on Mitochondria.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been revealed for many neurological disorders including chronic pain. Prelicinal studies and post-mortem analyses from male and female human donors reveal sexual dimorphism of nociceptors at transcript, protein and functional levels suggesting different mechanisms that may promote pain in men and women. Migraine is a common female-prevalent neurological disorder that is characterized by painful and debilitating headache. Prolactin is a neurohormone that circulates at higher levels in females and that has been implicated clinically in migraine. Prolactin sensitizes sensory neurons from female mice, non-human primates and humans revealing a female-selective pain mechanism that is conserved evolutionarily and likely translationally relevant. Prolactin produces female-selective migraine-like pain behaviors in rodents and enhances the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neurotransmitter that is causal in promoting migraine in many patients. CGRP, like prolactin, produces female-selective migraine-like pain behaviors. Consistent with these observations, publicly available clinical data indicate that small molecule CGRP-receptor antagonists are preferentially effective in treatment of acute migraine therapy in women. Collectively, these observations support the conclusion of qualitative sex differences promoting migraine pain providing the opportunity to tailor therapies based on patient sex for improved outcomes. Additionally, patient sex should be considered in design of clinical trials for migraine as well as for pain and reassessment of past trials may be warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.