Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38658780›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2024

Markov chain-based impact analysis of the pandemic Covid-19 outbreak on global primary energy consumption mix.

Hussaan Ahmad, Rehan Liaqat, Musaed Alhussein, Hafiz Abdul Muqeet, Khursheed Aurangzeb, Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hussaan AhmadDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan.
Rehan LiaqatDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Musaed AlhusseinDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh, 11543, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hafiz Abdul MuqeetDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. abdul.muqeet@ptut.edu.pk.
Khursheed AurangzebDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh, 11543, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hafiz Muhammad AshrafDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.

Funding

King Saud University RSPD2023R553
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The historic evolution of global primary energy consumption (GPEC) mix, comprising of fossil (liquid petroleum, gaseous and coal fuels) and non-fossil (nuclear, hydro and other renewables) energy sources while highlighting the impact of the novel corona virus 2019 pandemic outbreak, has been examined through this study. GPEC data of 2005-2021 has been taken from the annually published reports by British Petroleum. The equilibrium state, a property of the classical predictive modeling based on Markov chain, is employed as an investigative tool. The pandemic outbreak has proved to be a blessing in disguise for global energy sector through, at least temporarily, reducing the burden on environment in terms of reducing demand for fossil energy sources. Some significant long term impacts of the pandemic occurred in second and third years (2021 and 2022) after its outbreak in 2019 rather than in first year (2020) like the penetration of other energy sources along with hydro and renewable ones in GPEC. Novelty of this research lies within the application of the equilibrium state feature of compositional Markov chain based prediction upon GPEC mix. The analysis into the past trends suggests the advancement towards a better global energy future comprising of cleaner fossil resources (mainly natural gas), along with nuclear, hydro and renewable ones in the long run.

Indexed as

COVID-19Markov ChainsPandemicsDisease OutbreaksEnergy-Generating ResourcesFossil FuelsHumansSARS-CoV-2Fossil FuelsCOVID-19 pandemicEquilibrium stateGlobal primary energy consumptionMarkov chainPredictive modeling

Identifiers

PMID38658780
PMCPMC11043445

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.