Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38655188›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)2024

Empirical assessment of the assumptions of ComBat with diffusion tensor imaging.

Michael E Kim, Chenyu Gao, Leon Y Cai, Qi Yang, Nancy R Newlin, Karthik Ramadass, Angela Jefferson, Derek Archer, Niranjana Shashikumar, Kimberly R Pechman and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Analytic Bounds on GAMLSS Model Variability of Normative White Matter Brain Charts.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Learning disentangled representations to harmonize connectome network measures.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Michael E KimVanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3562-2688
Chenyu GaoVanderbilt University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-3035
Leon Y CaiVanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Qi YangVanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-0515
Nancy R NewlinVanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Karthik RamadassVanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Angela JeffersonVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Derek ArcherVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Niranjana ShashikumarVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5627-8281
Kimberly R PechmanVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Katherine A GiffordVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Timothy J HohmanVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Lori L Beason-HeldNational Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Susan M ResnickNational Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Stefan WinzeckImperial College London, Department of Computing, BioMedIA Group, London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-2750
Kurt G SchillingVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Panpan ZhangVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-5930
Daniel MoyerVanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
Bennett A LandmanVanderbilt University, Department of Computer Science, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-2127

Funding

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) -Identifying correlates of functional immunity in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasmaUL1TR002243 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Paul A. Harris, Wesley H Self · 2017 to 2026
$130.7M
The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Neuroimaging Predictors of Cognitive Decline, Impairment, and ResilienceZIAAG000191 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI FERRUCCI, LUIGI · 2009 to 2025
$26.4M
Vanderbilt Memory & Aging ProjectR01AG034962 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI JEFFERSON, ANGELA L. · 2011 to 2025
$24.1M
Overall: Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at VanderbiltP50HD103537 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jeffrey L Neul · 2020 to 2026
$10.3M
Controlling Quality and Capturing Uncertainty in Advanced Diffusion Weighted MRIR01EB017230 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI LANDMAN, BENNETT A. · 2015 to 2024
$5.1M
Subjective Cognitive Decline in OIder AdultsR01AG062826 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GIFFORD, KATHERINE A., JEFFERSON, ANGELA L. · 2020 to 2024
$4.1M
White matter and small vessel disease in older adultsR01AG056534 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI JEFFERSON, ANGELA L. · 2017 to 2021
$3.2M
Replacement and Upgrade of a 3T MR Scanner for ResearchS10OD021771 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GORE, JOHN C · 2016 to 2016
$2.0M
Risk factors and prevention targets for abnormal cognitive agingK24AG046373 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI JEFFERSON, ANGELA L. · 2014 to 2023
$1.7M
Cognitive Complaints in Aging AdultsK23AG045966 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GIFFORD, KATHERINE A. · 2015 to 2022
$960k
Microstructure and connectivity modeling from the cortex to the spinal cord in Multiple SclerosisK01EB032898 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SCHILLING, KURT G · 2022 to 2025
$630k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002243NIA NIH HHS K01 AG073584NIA NIH HHS K23 AG045966NIA NIH HHS K24 AG046373NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034962NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056534NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062826NIBIB NIH HHS K01 EB032898NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017230NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103537NIH HHS S10 OD020154NIH HHS S10 OD021771NIH HHS S10 OD023680
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that provides unique information about white matter microstructure in the brain but is susceptible to confounding effects introduced by scanner or acquisition differences. ComBat is a leading approach for addressing these site biases. However, despite its frequent use for harmonization, ComBat's robustness toward site dissimilarities and overall cohort size have not yet been evaluated in terms of DTI. Approach: As a baseline, we match Results: ComBat remains well behaved for Conclusion: Prior to harmonization of DTI data with ComBat, the input cohort should be examined for size and covariate distributions of each site. Direct assessment of residual distributions is less informative on stability than bootstrap analysis. We caution use ComBat of in situations that do not conform to the above thresholds.

Indexed as

bootstrapComBatdiffusion tensor imagingharmonizationmagnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID38655188
PMCPMC11034156

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.