ArticleScientific reports2024
Long-term outcomes of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source according to subtype.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Detecting Basilar Artery Wall Pathology in Isolated Pontine Infarction With Short-TE SWI Magnitude Images.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Coronary atherosclerotic burden in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Supracardiac Atherosclerotic Lesions in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Predicting Stroke Recurrence and Enhancing Secondary Prevention Strategies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The Prevalence and Characteristics of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Among Sudanese Patients From November 2019 to March 2020: A Cross-Section Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The Importance of Timing in Performing a Holter ECG in Patients Diagnosed with an Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- PFO-ACCESS: Augmenting Communications for Medical Care or Closure in the Evaluation of Patients With Stroke With Cardiac Shunts.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Shifting Outcomes: Superior Functional Recovery in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Compared to Cardioembolic Stroke.Neurology international · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) may vary according to the underlying cause. Therefore, we aimed to divide ESUS into subtypes and assess the long-term outcomes. Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent a comprehensive workup, including transesophageal echocardiography and prolonged electrocardiography monitoring, were enrolled. We classified ESUS into minor cardioembolic (CE) ESUS, arteriogenic ESUS, two or more causes ESUS, and no cause ESUS. Arteriogenic ESUS was sub-classified into complex aortic plaque (CAP) ESUS and non-stenotic (< 50%) relevant artery plaque (NAP) ESUS. A total of 775 patients were enrolled. During 1286 ± 748 days follow-up, 116 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred (4.2 events/100 patient-years). Among the ESUS subtypes, CAP ESUS was associated with the highest MACE frequency (9.7/100 patient-years, p = 0.021). Cox regression analyses showed that CAP ESUS was associated with MACE (hazard ratio 2.466, 95% confidence interval 1.305-4.660) and any stroke recurrence (hazard ratio 2.470, 95% confidence interval, 1.108-5.508). The prognosis of ESUS varies according to the subtype, with CAP ESUS having the worst prognosis. Categorizing ESUS into subtypes could improve patient care and refine clinical trials.
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