ArticleJCI insight2024
Characteristics and determinants of pulmonary long COVID.
Article in JCI insight, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Translational insights into Long-COVID: evaluation of preclinical animal models along the lung-brain-immune axis with focus on Golden Syrian Hamsters.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Long-term chest CT abnormalities up to 4.5 years after COVID-19 hospitalization and their association with dyspnea and fatigue: a prospective cohort study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Return to an extreme environment exposure after pulmonary infection: SCUBA diving as a model?Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Imaging biomarkers of post-COVID dyspnea: insights from machine learning CT patterns and parametric response mapping.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- From Exhaustion to Empowerment: A Pilot Study on Motor Control-Based Exercise for Fatigue and Quality of Life in Long COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Observational Study of Pulmonary Impairments in Long COVID Patients.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Persistent neurological and behavioral alterations after SARS-CoV-2 infection in an optimized K18-hACE2 mouse model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical predictors of impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients recovering from COVID-19: A secondary analysis of multicentre datasets.Canadian journal of respiratory therapy : CJRT = Revue canadienne de la therapie respiratoire : RCTR · 2026Article
- Outcomes, Sequelae, and Ventilatory Strategies in Long COVID Patients with Severe ARDS: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prolonged immune activation in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: neutrophil dynamics and therapeutic insights.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Long COVID-19: A Concept Analysis.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities for Post-COVID Pulmonary Disease: A Focused Review of Immunomodulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Respiratory long COVID in aged hamsters features impaired lung function post-exercise with bronchiolization and fibrosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Functional Capacity Impairment in Long COVID After 17 Months of Severe Acute Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid.Science translational medicine · 2024Review
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPersistent cough and dyspnea are prominent features of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (also termed "long COVID"); however, physiologic measures and clinical features associated with these pulmonary symptoms remain poorly defined. Using longitudinal pulmonary function testing (PFT) and CT imaging, this study aimed to identify the characteristics and determinants of pulmonary long COVID.METHODSThis single-center retrospective study included 1,097 patients with clinically defined long COVID characterized by persistent pulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, cough, and chest discomfort) lasting for 1 or more months after resolution of primary COVID infection.RESULTSAfter exclusion, a total of 929 patients with post-COVID pulmonary symptoms and PFTs were stratified as diffusion impairment and pulmonary restriction, as measured by percentage predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC). Longitudinal evaluation revealed diffusion impairment (DLCO ≤ 80%) and pulmonary restriction (TLC ≤ 80%) in 51% of the cohort overall (n = 479). In multivariable modeling regression analysis, invasive mechanical ventilation during primary infection conferred the greatest increased odds of developing pulmonary long COVID with diffusion impairment and restriction (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 9.89, 95% CI 3.62-26.9]). Finally, a subanalysis of CT imaging identified radiographic evidence of fibrosis in this patient population.CONCLUSIONLongitudinal PFTs revealed persistent diffusion-impaired restriction as a key feature of pulmonary long COVID. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating PFTs into routine clinical practice for evaluation of long COVID patients with prolonged pulmonary symptoms. Subsequent clinical trials should leverage combined symptomatic and quantitative PFT measurements for more targeted enrollment of pulmonary long COVID patients.FUNDINGNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI156898, K08AI129705), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL153113, OTA21-015E, HL149944), and the COVID-19 Urgent Research Response Fund at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.