Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38651387›Full record

ArticleEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Self-Medication Practices among Adult Population in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Nitai Roy, Md Nazrul Islam, Md Shahjalal, Aysha Siddiky, Sultan Mahmud Imran, Md Aktarujjaman, Md Mobarak Hossain, Bryan T Rogers, Kamal Krishna Biswas, Ekhtear Hossain

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Nitai RoyDepartment of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-8454-6128
Md Nazrul IslamDepartment of Post-Harvest Technology and Marketing, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0001-8623-2926
Md ShahjalalDepartment of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-2218-8433
Aysha SiddikyFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
Sultan Mahmud ImranFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
Md AktarujjamanFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
Md Mobarak HossainFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
Bryan T RogersDepartment of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA.
Kamal Krishna BiswasDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
Ekhtear HossainDepartment of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5611-4440
Patuakhali Science and Technology University · BDSouthern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College · USNorth South University · BDUniversity of Rajshahi · BD

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe practice of self-medication (SM) is common worldwide and is an important component of medical self-care. However, improper practice can be dangerous. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SM and the factors associated with it among Bangladeshi adults.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2021 among Bangladeshi adults (aged > 19 years) using convenient sampling. A total of 1320 subjects were collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the practice of SM.

resultsOverall, 41% of adults in our survey reported SMP. The most common illnesses that prompted SM were common cold/flu (66.4%), gastric problems (65%), and headache (64.4%). The most frequent reasons for SM were to get better-perceived quality of care (30.6%), perceiving SM without side effects (23.3%), and saving time with effectiveness (14.56%). Potential risk factors included 10 years (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.04-3.50) and >12 years of schooling (AOR = 5.03; 95% CI: 2.27-11.15), being a businessman (AOR = 4.64; 95% CI: 1.74-12.37), having ≤6 family members (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.40-3.24), being a member of a social group (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.12), a health status check after every six months (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08-2.13), and current ill-health (AOR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06-1.87). Protective factors identified included ≤30 years of age (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17-0.93), and practice of modern (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.22-0.69) and herbal (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21-0.97) treatment modality.

conclusionMore than one-third of the study participants reported practicing SM. Increasing the community's awareness of the adverse outcomes of SM and not just the average experience might sway individuals away from SM, and implementing strict jurisdiction could be a way to minimize inappropriate SM.

Indexed as

Bangladeshprevalencerisk factorsself-medication

Identifiers

PMID38651387
PMCPMC11036244
OpenAlexW4393378055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.