ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2024
Extracellular vesicle encapsulated nicotinamide delivered via a trans-scleral route provides retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection.
Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Revisiting the sclera as a target for glaucoma therapy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents for retinal ganglion cell degeneration: current challenges and future prospects.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Dual-functional nanoparticle formulations for simultaneous intraocular pressure reduction and neuroprotection in glaucoma: a review.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Prospects for Neuroprotective Therapies in Glaucoma: Drug Targets and Emerging Clinical Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Biomaterial Strategies to Regulate Inflammation and Promote Kidney Repair.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Glaucoma: Opportunities and Challenges.Current eye research · 2025Review
- Update on Nicotinamide and Its Application in the Management of Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Scientometric analysis of extracellular vesicles in vision science (up to 2024).Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Advances in Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Pharmacological Strategies and Emerging Technologies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nicotinamide: Bright Potential in Glaucoma Management.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Combinatory Nanovesicle with siRNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle and IGF-1 for Osteoarthritis Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The effects of light emitting diodes on mitochondrial function and cellular viability of M-1 cell and mouse CD1 brain cortex neurons.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The progressive and irreversible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons is the major characteristic of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor and metabolite of redox reaction critical for neuronal survival. Supplementation with nicotinamide (NAM), a precursor of NAD, can confer neuroprotective effects against glaucomatous damage caused by an age-related decline of NAD or mitochondrial dysfunction, reflecting the high metabolic activity of RGCs. However, oral supplementation of drug is relatively less efficient in terms of transmissibility to RGCs compared to direct delivery methods such as intraocular injection or delivery using subconjunctival depots. Neither method is ideal, given the risks of infection and subconjunctival scarring without novel techniques. By contrast, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have advantages as a drug delivery system with low immunogeneity and tissue interactions. We have evaluated the EV delivery of NAM as an RGC protective agent using a quantitative assessment of dendritic integrity using DiOlistics, which is confirmed to be a more sensitive measure of neuronal health in our mouse glaucoma model than the evaluation of somatic loss via the immunostaining method. NAM or NAM-loaded EVs showed a significant neuroprotective effect in the mouse retinal explant model. Furthermore, NAM-loaded EVs can penetrate the sclera once deployed in the subconjunctival space. These results confirm the feasibility of using subconjunctival injection of EVs to deliver NAM to intraocular targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.