ArticleIntensive care medicine experimental2024
Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex-1/2 reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Article in Intensive care medicine experimental, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Article
- Virus reactivation in acute and long COVID-19.Nature · 2026Article
- Higher prevalence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in acute-on-chronic liver failure.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Triple Latency as a Driver of Chronic Inflammation: An Integrative View of HSV, EBV, and CMV Persistence in Immunocompetent Hosts.Clinics and practice · 2026Review
- Does Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Represent a Poly-Herpesvirus Post-Virus Infectious Disease?Viruses · 2025Review
- Observational
- Long-Term Retrospective Analysis of Parvovirus B19 Infections in Blood Donors (2012-2024): Significant Increase in Prevalence Following the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Herpes Zoster Reactivation Following COVID-19 and the Risk of Renal, Infectious, and Autoimmune Complications: A Global Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Review
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Full Spectrum of COVID-19 Severity and Concomitant Herpesvirus Reactivation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Novel biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in Long COVID patients.GeroScience · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses are predictive of serological neutralization and are transiently enhanced by pre-existing cross-reactive immunity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Human herpesvirus reactivation and its potential role in the pathogenesis of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.GeroScience · 2025Review
- T-cell exhaustion in COVID-19: what do we know?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Chronic Viral Reactivation and Associated Host Immune Response and Clinical Outcomes in Acute COVID-19 and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Anti-Herpetic Activity of Killer Peptide (KP): An In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus lung reactivations in severe COVID-19 patients: to treat or not to treat? That is (still) the question.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the incidences of Herpes Simplex-1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) reactivations in critically ill COVID-19 patients. To determine the association between viral reactivation and in-hospital mortality, Intensive Care Unit Bloodstream infection (ICU-BSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
designObservational retrospective cohort study.
settingCOVID-19 Intensive Care Unit. PATIENTS: From November 2020 to May 2021, one hundred and twenty patients with COVID-19 severe pneumonia were enrolled and tested for HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV and EBV at the admission in ICU and weekly until discharge or death. The presence of VAP and ICU-BSI was evaluated according to clinical judgement and specific diagnostic criteria. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsOne hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. Multiple reactivations occurred in 75/120 (63%) patients, single reactivation in 27/120 patients (23%). The most reactivated Herpesvirus was EBV, found in 78/120 (65%) patients. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that viral reactivation is a strong independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.02-5.89), ICU-BSI (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.06-5.29) and VAP (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.20-5.82).
conclusionsHuman Herpesviruses reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 severe Pneumonia are associated with mortality and with a higher risk to develop both VAP and ICU-BSI.
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