ArticleDiabetologia2024
Non-adherence to cardiometabolic medication as assessed by LC-MS/MS in urine and its association with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Diabetologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma metabolite octadecadienedioate: A novel protective factor against diabetes-related Charcot foot.Medicine · 2026Article
- Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy as a Strategy to Improve Antidiabetic Medication Adherence in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Improving medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: strategies for better clinical and economic outcomes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Partial non-adherence to antidiabetic therapy undermines diabetes management and correlates with treatment complexity: A cross-sectional study using blood plasma analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Perceived Diabetes Burden, Clinical Care Gap, and Intent to Prescribe a Diabetes Polypill to Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular medication adherence testing in patients living with HIV: A single-centre observational study.HIV medicine · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisNon-adherence to medication is a frequent barrier in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, potentially limiting the effectiveness of evidence-based treatments. Previous studies have mostly relied on indirect adherence measures to analyse outcomes based on adherence. The aim of this study was to use LC-MS/MS in urine-a non-invasive, direct and objective measure-to assess non-adherence to cardiometabolic drugs and analyse its association with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.
methodsThis cohort study includes 1125 participants from the PROVALID study, which follows patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the primary care level. Baseline urine samples were tested for 79 cardiometabolic drugs and metabolites thereof via LC-MS/MS. An individual was classified as totally adherent if markers for all drugs were detected, partially non-adherent when at least one marker for one drug was detected, and totally non-adherent if no markers for any drugs were detected. Non-adherence was then analysed in the context of cardiovascular (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death) and kidney (composite of sustained 40% decline in eGFR, sustained progression of albuminuria, kidney replacement therapy and death from kidney failure) outcomes.
resultsOf the participants, 56.3% were totally adherent, 42.0% were partially non-adherent, and 1.7% were totally non-adherent to screened cardiometabolic drugs. Adherence was highest to antiplatelet and glucose-lowering agents and lowest to lipid-lowering agents. Over a median (IQR) follow-up time of 5.10 (4.12-6.12) years, worse cardiovascular outcomes were observed with non-adherence to antiplatelet drugs (HR 10.13 [95% CI 3.06, 33.56]) and worse kidney outcomes were observed with non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs (HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.37, 2.86]). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThis analysis shows that non-adherence to cardiometabolic drug regimens is common in type 2 diabetes mellitus and negatively affects kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.