ArticleIntensive care medicine2024
Systemic inflammation and delirium during critical illness.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perioperative neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biomarkers of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammation and delirium in critically Ill patients: a review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Melatonin and delirium in the intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Intensive care medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Five-decade prevalence of delirium in pneumonia, risk factors and associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Continuous Perioperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Trial
- Lung microbiome features associated with ICU delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: a secondary cohort analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome in physiological and dysfunctional host response in human sepsis and critical illness: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Association Between the Hemoglobin Glycation Index and the Risk of Delirium in Stroke Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Delirium Severity in Critically Ill Adults: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Fever dreams: demons and nightmares in an ICU bed.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection with 7-day incident delirium in critically Ill adults: a propensity-weighted competing risk analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sedation as an Immunomodulator of Inflammatory Responses in the Lung-Brain Axis of ARDS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Animal models of delirium: a narrative review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Blood-based biomarkers and delirium in critically ill adults in the ICU: a systematic review.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Review
- Association between the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and 28-day all-cause mortality in sepsis-associated delirium patients: a retrospective study and machine learning.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Intraoperative allogeneic packed red blood cell transfusions and postoperative delirium: a retrospective cohort study in the USA.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- The stress hyperglycemia ratio as a novel risk marker for postoperative delirium after cardiac valve surgery.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Driving innovation in cancer symptom science through translational research: bridging science and practice.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care · 2026Review
- Age-Related Genetic Causal Association Between Asthma and Delirium: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Association Between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Delirium Risk in Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care UnitBalkan medical journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to determine associations between markers of inflammation and endogenous anticoagulant activity with delirium and coma during critical illness.
methodsIn this prospective cohort study, we enrolled adults with respiratory failure and/or shock treated in medical or surgical intensive care units (ICUs) at 5 centers. Twice per day in the ICU, and daily thereafter, we assessed mental status using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and the Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). We collected blood samples on study days 1, 3, and 5, measuring levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), and protein C using validated protocols. We used multinomial logistic regression to analyze associations between biomarkers and the odds of delirium or coma versus normal mental status the following day, adjusting for age, sepsis, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), study day, corticosteroids, and sedatives.
resultsAmong 991 participants with a median age (interquartile range, IQR) of 62 [53-72] years and enrollment SOFA of 9 [7-11], higher concentrations of IL-6 (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]: 1.8 [1.4-2.3]), IL-8 (1.3 [1.1-1.5]), IL-10 (1.5 [1.2-1.8]), TNF-α (1.2 [1.0-1.4]), and TNFR1 (1.3 [1.1-1.6]) and lower concentrations of protein C (0.7 [0.6-0.8])) were associated with delirium the following day. Higher concentrations of CRP (1.4 [1.1-1.7]), IFN-γ (1.3 [1.1-1.5]), IL-6 (2.3 [1.8-3.0]), IL-8 (1.8 [1.4-2.3]), and IL-10 (1.5 [1.2-2.0]) and lower concentrations of protein C (0.6 [0.5-0.8]) were associated with coma the following day. IL-1β, IL-12, and MMP-9 were not associated with mental status.
conclusionMarkers of inflammation and possibly endogenous anticoagulant activity are associated with delirium and coma during critical illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.