Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38647474›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychology2026

Patterns and correlates of changes in sibling intimacy and conflict from middle childhood through young adulthood.

Susan M McHale, Xiaoran Sun, Kimberly A Updegraff, Shawn D Whiteman

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Sibling relational aggression: Developmental change and associations with family relationships across adolescence.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Susan M McHaleDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University.
Xiaoran SunDepartment of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota.ORCID 0000-0002-8431-401X
Kimberly A UpdegraffDepartment of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University.ORCID 0000-0003-0603-6066
Shawn D WhitemanDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University.
Pennsylvania State University · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUtah State University · US

Funding

GENDER SOCIALIZATION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD &ADOLESCENCER01HD032336 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI MCHALE, SUSAN M · 1994 to 2014
$5.2M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNICHD NIH HHS R01 HD032336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sibling relationships are most individuals' longest lasting relationships, but their development remains understudied. Using a within-family, accelerated longitudinal design with data from mothers, fathers, and two siblings from 201 predominately White, working-, and middle-class families, we charted the development of sibling intimacy and conflict from age 7 to age 30. We also examined structural characteristics (sibling sex, sex constellation, age spacing, birth order) and both person mean (between-person) and time-varying (within-person) links between (a) feminine-typed, expressive personality and (b) maternal and paternal warmth and conflict and sibling intimacy and conflict, respectively, and tested whether sibling age moderated these linkages. Overall cubic changes suggested that intimacy declined from middle childhood through early adolescence and increased through the mid-20s and leveled off, whereas conflict was stable in middle childhood, declined across adolescence, and leveled off in young adulthood, with patterns that varied by sibling sex, dyad sex constellation, and birth order. Furthermore, expressivity was related to both sibling intimacy (positively) and conflict (negatively) at between- and within-person levels; maternal warmth was positively related to sibling intimacy and maternal conflict was positively related to sibling conflict at both between- and within-person levels; and father warmth and conflict were linked to sibling intimacy and conflict, respectively, at the within-person level. Finally, age moderated expressivity effects such that these disappeared in young adulthood and moderated the between-person father warmth effect such that this effect emerged in young adulthood and increased through age 30. Implications for theory and practice regarding sibling and other close relationships are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Conflict, PsychologicalSibling RelationsSiblingsAdolescentAdultBirth OrderChildFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID38647474
PMCPMC11910747
OpenAlexW4395000321

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.