ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural Killer Cells Dominate the Hyperacute Lymphocyte Response to Major Trauma and Are Associated with Organ Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Emerging roles of granzymes in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Paracetamol and Metformin Reduce NK-Cell Susceptibility in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells in Association with Enrichment of Immune-Evasive CD44International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CD151 identifies a cytotoxic CD4 T cell population enriched in people with HIV that later develop cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Rewiring of the Apoptotic Rheostat in HTLV-1 Infection and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Plasticity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Their Therapeutic Implications.Cells · 2026Review
- FcεRIγ reinforces double-negative T cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against tumor cells.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2026Article
- Targeting pyroptosis to treat aortic aneurysms: From mechanism to drug discovery (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond the infusion: nursing at the vanguard of cytokine release syndrome rescue in CAR-T cell therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Article
- CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells subsets release small extracellular vesicles containing cell death-related proteins as potential mechanism of T cell suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- ANP32A interacts with LDHA to modulate glycolysis and ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- Granzyme B-Targeting Quenched Activity-Based Probes for Assessing Tumor Response to Immunotherapy.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- ITIH4 alleviates OVA-induced asthma by regulating lung-gut microbiota.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial alterations and signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Regulation of Granzymes A and B by High-Risk HPV: Impact on Immune Evasion and Carcinogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- Deciphering T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment: paving the way for innovative solid tumor therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases, composed of five human members: GA, B, H, M and K. They were first discovered in the 1980s within cytotoxic granules released during NK cell- and T cell-mediated killing. Through their various proteolytic activities, granzymes can trigger different pathways within cells, all of which ultimately lead to the same result, cell death. Over the years, the initial consideration of granzymes as mere cytotoxic mediators has changed due to surprising findings demonstrating their expression in cells other than immune effectors as well as new intracellular and extracellular activities. Additional roles have been identified in the extracellular milieu, following granzyme escape from the immunological synapse or their release by specific cell types. Outside the cell, granzyme activities mediate extracellular matrix alteration via the degradation of matrix proteins or surface receptors. In certain contexts, these processes are essential for tissue homeostasis; in others, excessive matrix degradation and extensive cell death contribute to the onset of chronic diseases, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Here, we provide an overview of both the physiological and pathological roles of granzymes, highlighting their utility while also recognizing how their unregulated presence can trigger the development and/or worsening of diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.