ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Mucosal immunization with a low-energy electron inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine protects mice without Th2 immune bias.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- CXCL13 and IL-33 as Immunomodulatory Adjuvants Combined with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion (RSV F) Protein to Enhance Mucosal RSV Vaccination.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Kinetics of IgA Subtypes and Cytokines in Respiratory Secretions Following Immunization With COVID-19 Mucosal Vaccine.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus disease.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of dual pathogen recognition receptor agonists as adjuvants for respiratory syncytial virus - virus-like particles for pulmonary delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Novel Administration Routes, Delivery Vectors, and Application of Vaccines Based on Biotechnologies: A Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with numerous hospitalizations. Recently, intramuscular (i.m.) vaccines against RSV have been approved for elderly and pregnant women. Noninvasive mucosal vaccination, e.g., by inhalation, offers an alternative against respiratory pathogens like RSV. Effective mucosal vaccines induce local immune responses, potentially resulting in the efficient and fast elimination of respiratory viruses after natural infection. To investigate this immune response to an RSV challenge, low-energy electron inactivated RSV (LEEI-RSV) was formulated with phosphatidylcholine-liposomes (PC-LEEI-RSV) or 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DD-LEEI-RSV) for vaccination of mice intranasally. As controls, LEEI-RSV and formalin-inactivated-RSV (FI-RSV) were used
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.