ArticleCureus2024
Appearance and Prevalence of JN.1 SARS-CoV-2 Variant in India and Its Clinical Profile in the State of Maharashtra.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of booster doses of an XBB.1.5 RBD subunit COVID-19 vaccine among individuals aged 5-80 years in India: a phase 3, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Long-Term Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV‑2 in Campus Wastewater Depicts Lineage Trends and Public Health Implications during and after Omicron Waves.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Alpha to JN.1 variants: SARS-CoV-2 genomic analysis unfolding its various lineages/sublineages evolved in Chhattisgarh, India from 2020 to 2024.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Zambia: An Early Warning Tool.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant JN.1 in Tamil Nadu, India - Clinical characteristics and novel mutations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant JN.1 in Tamil Nadu, India - Clinical Characteristics and Novel Mutations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
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15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn August 2023, the BA.2.86 SARS-CoV-2 variant, with over 30 spike protein mutations, emerged amidst the global dominance of XBB sub-lineages. It evolved into JN.1 by late 2023, spreading across 71 countries. JN.1, distinct for its L455S mutation, significantly dominated global sequences, raising concerns over its transmission and clinical impact. The study investigates JN.1's clinical severity and its effect on hospital admissions in Maharashtra, India. METHODOLOGY: The present study involved 3,150 curated Indian SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences with collection dates between 1st August 2023 and 15th January 2024. Lineage and phylogenetic analysis of sequences was performed using Nextclade. Telephonic interviews were conducted to confirm the demographic details and obtain clinical information on the JN.1* (* indicates JN.1 and all its sub-lineages) cases. The obtained data were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft® Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA).
resultsOut of 3,150 sequences analyzed, JN.1* was the most common lineage (2377/3150, 75.46%), followed by XBB.2.3* (281/3150, 8.92%) and XBB.1.16* (187/3150, 5.94%). In India, it was first identified on 6th October 2023, in Kerala. The highest proportion of JN.1* sequences originated from Maharashtra (628/2377, 26.42%), followed by West Bengal (320/2377, 13.46%), Andhra Pradesh (293/2377, 12.33%), Kerala (288/2377, 12.12%), and Karnataka (285/2377, 11.99%). In Maharashtra, the JN.1* variant was first identified on 23rd November 2023. A total of 279 JN.1* cases were included in the clinical study. Of these, 95.34% (266/279) had symptomatic disease with mild symptoms; cold (187/279, 67.03%) being the most common symptom, followed by fever (156/279, 55.91%), cough (114/279, 40.86%), and headache (28/279, 15.64%). Of all the cases, 13.26% (37/279) required institutional quarantine or hospitalization, and the rest were isolated at home. Among the hospitalized patients, 54.05% (20/37) cases were given conservative treatment while 45.95% (17/37) cases required supplemental oxygen therapy. Regarding the vaccination status, 94.26% (263/279) of cases received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while 5.02% (14/279) were not vaccinated, of which most were children aged zero to nine years (5/14, 35.71%). The overall recovery rate among JN.1* cases was 98.57% (275/279), with 1.43% (4/279) cases succumbing to the disease.
conclusionThe JN.1* variant, the dominant variant in India, exhibits clinical features similar to previous circulating variants in Maharashtra without increased severity. Its notable transmissibility underscores the importance of studying the ongoing viral evolution. The pressing necessity for swift identification and the clinical features of new variants is essential for effective public health response.
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