ArticleACS omega2024
Electrochemical Determination of Fentanyl Using Carbon Nanofiber-Modified Electrodes.
Article in ACS omega, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Fentanyl Detection.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Modern Methods for Detection of Fentanyl and Its Analogues: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Polydopamine-Based Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Fentanyl Determination.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Presumptive Tests for Xylazine-A Computer Vision Approach.Analytical science advances · 2025Article
- An "On-Off" AIE-Based Lock-and-Key Fluorescent Probe System for Detection of Fentanyl/Norfentanyl.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Strategies for assessing the limit of detection in voltammetric methods: comparison and evaluation of approaches.The Analyst · 2024Article
- Submersible voltammetric sensing probe for rapid and extended remote monitoring of opioids in community water systems.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this work, we report the direct electrochemical oxidation of fentanyl using commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanofibers (fCNFs). CNFs have surface chemistry and reactivity similar to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), yet they are easier to produce and are of a lower cost than CNTs. By monitoring the current produced during the electrochemical oxidation of fentanyl, variables such as fCNF loading, fentanyl accumulation time, electrolyte pH, and differential pulse voltammetry parameters were optimized. Under an optimized set of conditions, the fCNF/SPCEs responded linearly to fentanyl in the concentration range of 0.125-10 μM, with a limit of detection of 75 nM. The fCNF/SPCEs also demonstrated excellent selectivity against common cutting agents found in illicit drugs (e.g., glucose, sucrose, caffeine, acetaminophen, and theophylline) and interferents found in biological samples (e.g., ascorbic acid, NaCl, urea, creatinine, and uric acid). The performance of the sensor was also successfully tested using fentanyl spiked into an artificial urine sample. The straightforward electrode assembly process, low cost, ease of use, and rapid response make the fCNF/SPCEs prime candidates for the detection of fentanyl in both physiological samples and street drugs.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.