Novel Piperazine Derivatives as Potent Antihistamine, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Agents, their Synthesis and Characterization.

introductionIn this study, a series of novel piperazine derivatives were synthesised with high-to-good yields, and their structural analogies were confirmed using FTIR,

methodsThe synthesised compounds were evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among the four synthesised piperazine derivatives, compound PD-2 exhibited relatively good antioxidant activity, with an IC

resultsAdditionally, compound PD-1 exhibited significant antihistamine activity, eliciting an 18.22% reduction in histamine levels. Both PD-1 and PD-2 demonstrated noteworthy anti-inflammatory activity in a dosedependent manner (5-10 μM), leading to the inhibition of nitrite production up to 39.42% and 33.7% at higher concentrations (10 μM) and inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) generation up to 56.97% and 44.73% at 10 μM, respectively. Additionally, both novel molecules PD-1 and PD-2 effectively restrained the growth of HepG2 cells in a manner that is dependent on the dosage up to 55.44% and 90.45% at the highest concentrations (100 μg/mL), respectively.

conclusionThese findings substantiate the rationale for further investigation into the novel series of persuasive piperazine analogues as potential agents with anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and anticancer properties.