ArticleBMJ open2024
Prehospital identification of intracerebral haemorrhage: a scoping review of early clinical features and portable devices.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prehospital Detection of Large Vessel Occlusion and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using a Dual-Biomarker Point-of-Care Test.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Impact of the 2024 Resident Physician Work Stoppage on Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Admissions: A Single Cerebrovascular-Specialty Hospital Study in South Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Systematic Review of Prehospital Prediction Models for Identifying Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Suspected Stroke Patients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development and internal validation of prehospital prediction models for identifying intracerebral haemorrhage in suspected stroke patients.BMJ neurology open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPrehospital identification of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in suspected stroke cases may enable the initiation of appropriate treatments and facilitate better-informed transport decisions. This scoping review aims to examine the literature to identify early clinical features and portable devices for the detection of ICH in the prehospital setting.
methodsThree databases were searched via Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL) from inception to August 2022 using prespecified search strategies. One reviewer screened all titles, abstracts and full-text articles for eligibility, while a second reviewer independently screened 20% of the literature during each screening stage. Data extracted were tabulated to summarise the key findings.
resultsA total of 6803 articles were screened for eligibility, of which 22 studies were included for analysis. Among them, 15 studies reported on early clinical features, while 7 considered portable devices. Associations between age, sex and comorbidities with the presence of ICH varied across studies. However, most studies reported that patients with ICH exhibited more severe neurological deficits (n=6) and higher blood pressure levels (n=11) at onset compared with other stroke and non-stroke diagnoses. Four technologies were identified for ICH detection: microwave imaging technology, volumetric impedance phase shift spectroscopy, transcranial ultrasound and electroencephalography. Microwave and ultrasound imaging techniques showed promise in distinguishing ICH from other diagnoses.
conclusionThis scoping review has identified potential clinical features for the identification of ICH in suspected stroke patients. However, the considerable heterogeneity among the included studies precludes meta-analysis of available data. Moreover, we have explored portable devices to enhance ICH identification. While these devices have shown promise in detecting ICH, further technological development is required to distinguish between stroke subtypes (ICH vs ischaemic stroke) and non-stroke diagnoses.
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Registered trials
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